Vidas no trecho: as interações dos trecheiros com os ambientes pelos quais transitam
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Data
2017-12-06
Autores
Espósito, Alexandre
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fenômeno da mobilidade está presente na vida do ser humano. Por meio dele, os sujeitos são capazes de se relacionar com diferentes meios conforme transitam por eles. Existem pessoas que fazem movimentos errantes, um caminhar sem rumo pelas estradas a pé ou mesmo de ônibus. Passam por diferentes cidades e não se estabelecem em nenhuma porque apenas transitam por elas. Por diferentes motivos, começaram a fazer esses movimentos errantes e não querem ou não conseguem parar suas caminhadas. Essas pessoas se autodenominam como trecheiros. A presente dissertação de mestrado consistiu em investigar as interações dos trecheiros com o meio por que eles transitam utilizando a etnografia de uma perspectiva situada na interface da psicologia social com a ecologia urbana. A etnografia foi feita acompanhando o processo em que os trecheiros desembarcavam na cidade, acompanhando-os pelas ruas e estabelecimentos até o momento em que embarcavam para outro local. A pesquisa apontou que os trecheiros conseguem recursos usando discursos criativos para pedir, fazem trabalhos temporários e criam objetos de troca. Os objetos são mediadores para a interação dos trecheiros com os ambientes por que transitam, usando-os para conseguir habitar temporariamente os espaços, para proteger das adversidades climáticas e para criar redes de troca e de informações entre eles, que também convivem e interagem com outros sujeitos que habitam o trecho. Ademais, os resultados mostraram as estratégias de sobrevivência que os trecheiros usam para habitar territórios que podem ser violentos e revelaram quais são essas violências sofridas que os prejudicam em habitar o trecho; do mesmo modo, apontaram como mudam de rota conforme fenômenos climáticos, ações humanas e decisões políticas. Dessa maneira, a partir desses resultados e discussões, a dissertação apresenta como os trecheiros interagem com o meio pelo qual transitam.
The phenomenon of mobility is within the life of the human being. Through it, subjects are able to relate to different environments as they travel through them. There are people who make errant movements, an aimlessly walking on foot or even by bus. They pass through different cities and settle in none because they only transit through them. For different reasons they began to make these errant movements and do not want or cannot stop their walks. These people call themselves trecheiros. The present dissertation consisted in investigating the interactions of the trecheiros with the environment that they travel using ethnography from a perspective situated at the interface of social psychology with urban ecology. The ethnography was made following the process in which the trecheiros disembarked in the city, accompanying them through the streets and establishments until the moment they embarked to another place. Research pointed out that trecheiros get resources using creative speeches to beg, to do temporary jobs and to exchange objects. The objects are mediators for the interaction of the trecheiros with the environments where they transit, using them to habit temporarily the spaces, to protect themselves against climate adversities and to create networks of exchange and information among them, that also coexist and interact with other subjects that inhabit the stretch. In addition, the results showed the survival strategies that the trecheiros use to inhabit territories that can be violent and what kind of violences harms them to inhabit the stretch. Likewise, they pointed out how they change of route according to climatic phenomena, human actions and political decisions. Thus, from these results and discussions, the dissertation presents how the trecheiros interact with the environment where they travel.
The phenomenon of mobility is within the life of the human being. Through it, subjects are able to relate to different environments as they travel through them. There are people who make errant movements, an aimlessly walking on foot or even by bus. They pass through different cities and settle in none because they only transit through them. For different reasons they began to make these errant movements and do not want or cannot stop their walks. These people call themselves trecheiros. The present dissertation consisted in investigating the interactions of the trecheiros with the environment that they travel using ethnography from a perspective situated at the interface of social psychology with urban ecology. The ethnography was made following the process in which the trecheiros disembarked in the city, accompanying them through the streets and establishments until the moment they embarked to another place. Research pointed out that trecheiros get resources using creative speeches to beg, to do temporary jobs and to exchange objects. The objects are mediators for the interaction of the trecheiros with the environments where they transit, using them to habit temporarily the spaces, to protect themselves against climate adversities and to create networks of exchange and information among them, that also coexist and interact with other subjects that inhabit the stretch. In addition, the results showed the survival strategies that the trecheiros use to inhabit territories that can be violent and what kind of violences harms them to inhabit the stretch. Likewise, they pointed out how they change of route according to climatic phenomena, human actions and political decisions. Thus, from these results and discussions, the dissertation presents how the trecheiros interact with the environment where they travel.
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Palavras-chave
Trecheiros, Etnografia, Mobilidade, Psicologia social, Social psychology, Roamers, Ethnography, Mobility