Análise das condições de acessibilidade em equipamentos públicos educacionais no município de Passos – MG.
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Data
2018-01-22
Autores
Mendes, Clayton Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A implantação de uma política pública visa o tratamento ou a resolução de um problema público coletivamente relevante. As políticas de acessibilidade vêm ganhando destaque, pois facilitam o acesso de pessoas com algum tipo de limitação física a áreas de uso público e espaços de cultura, lazer, trabalho, com independência e vontade própria. Diversas bases legais foram instituídas para garantir esse direito, como a Constituição Federal de 1988, as Leis 10.098/2000 e 13.146/2015, o Decreto 5.296/2004 entre outras, porém ainda não são integralmente cumpridas por diversos órgãos públicos. A Norma Técnica Brasileira NBR 9050/2015, editada pela ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), é apresentada como fonte de orientação para acessibilidade em edificações na construção ou reforma. De acordo com o IBGE (2010), 23,9% da população brasileira possui algum tipo de deficiência e as maiores prevalências são as visuais e físicas (motoras). Este trabalho justifica-se pela relevância do tema e a importância no sentido de garantir a esse público o acesso adequado aos prédios públicos e de uso coletivo, especificamente o acesso à educação. Portanto, este estudo pautou-se na análise das situações de acessibilidade em três escolas públicas da cidade de Passos-MG e seu entorno, das diferentes esferas governamentais (municipal, estadual e federal), propondo adequações a partir de métodos e técnicas estabelecidas nas normas e legislação vigente. Para tanto, utilizou-se de metodologia descritiva (BARROS e LEHFELD, 2007), por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre o tema, principalmente os marcos legais e documentos oficiais; a criação de um instrumento de avaliação; a pesquisa de campo, que inclui fotografias e medições; a análise dos dados levantados e a proposição de soluções. A análise dos dados foi realizada comparando-os com as normas técnicas vigentes, principalmente a NBR-9050/2015. Como resultado, foi produzido um relatório de como cada escola trata a questão da acessibilidade. O instrumento de avaliação construído para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, pode ser utilizado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Passos, bem como por outros órgãos fiscalizadores na aprovação de novas obras.
The implementation of a public policy aims at the treatment or resolution of a collectively relevant public problem. Accessibility policies have been gaining prominence, since they facilitate the access of people with some type of physical limitation to areas of public use and spaces of culture, leisure, work, with independence and own will. Several legal bases were established to guarantee this right, such as the Federal Constitution of 1988, Laws 10,098 / 2000 and 13,146 / 2015, Decree 5,296 / 2004, among others, but are not yet fully complied with by various public bodies. The Brazilian Technical Standard NBR 9050/2015, published by ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards), is presented as a source of orientation for accessibility in buildings in construction or renovation. According to IBGE (2010), 23.9% of the Brazilian population has some type of disability and the highest prevalences are visual and physical (motor). This work is justified by the relevance of the theme and the importance of guaranteeing this public adequate access to public buildings and collective use, specifically access to education. Therefore, this study was based on the analysis of accessibility situations in three public schools in the city of Passos-MG and its surroundings, from different governmental spheres (municipal, state and federal), proposing adaptations based on methods and techniques established in the norms and current legislation. For that, a descriptive methodology was used (BARROS and LEHFELD, 2007), through a bibliographic and documentary survey on the subject, mainly legal landmarks and official documents; the creation of an evaluation tool; field research, which includes photographs and measurements; the analysis of the data collected and the proposition of solutions. Data analysis was performed comparing them with current technical standards, mainly to NBR-9050/2015. As a result, a report has been produced on how each school addresses accessibility. The evaluation instrument built for the development of this work can be used by the Municipality of Passos, as well as by other supervisory bodies in the approval of new works.
The implementation of a public policy aims at the treatment or resolution of a collectively relevant public problem. Accessibility policies have been gaining prominence, since they facilitate the access of people with some type of physical limitation to areas of public use and spaces of culture, leisure, work, with independence and own will. Several legal bases were established to guarantee this right, such as the Federal Constitution of 1988, Laws 10,098 / 2000 and 13,146 / 2015, Decree 5,296 / 2004, among others, but are not yet fully complied with by various public bodies. The Brazilian Technical Standard NBR 9050/2015, published by ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards), is presented as a source of orientation for accessibility in buildings in construction or renovation. According to IBGE (2010), 23.9% of the Brazilian population has some type of disability and the highest prevalences are visual and physical (motor). This work is justified by the relevance of the theme and the importance of guaranteeing this public adequate access to public buildings and collective use, specifically access to education. Therefore, this study was based on the analysis of accessibility situations in three public schools in the city of Passos-MG and its surroundings, from different governmental spheres (municipal, state and federal), proposing adaptations based on methods and techniques established in the norms and current legislation. For that, a descriptive methodology was used (BARROS and LEHFELD, 2007), through a bibliographic and documentary survey on the subject, mainly legal landmarks and official documents; the creation of an evaluation tool; field research, which includes photographs and measurements; the analysis of the data collected and the proposition of solutions. Data analysis was performed comparing them with current technical standards, mainly to NBR-9050/2015. As a result, a report has been produced on how each school addresses accessibility. The evaluation instrument built for the development of this work can be used by the Municipality of Passos, as well as by other supervisory bodies in the approval of new works.
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Palavras-chave
Acessibilidade Escolar, Políticas Públicas, NBR 9050, Lei 13.146/2015, Passos/MG, School Accessibility, Public Policy, Law 13.146/2015