Disponibilidade de fósforo em função do revestimento do fertilizante por substâncias húmicas
Arquivos
Data
2017-12-01
Autores
Picoli, Lais Bilia [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fósforo (P) é um dos elementos de maior importância para as plantas por desempenhar funções fisiológicas essenciais. No entanto, devido às condições dos solos tropicais altamente intemperizados, este é um dos nutrientes mais limitantes às plantas, havendo, portanto, uma necessidade evidente de se aumentar a eficiência de fertilizantes fosfatados e entender a dinâmica desse nutriente no solo. Nesse cenário, objetivou-se com esse estudo analisar o fluxo difusivo e a disponibilidade do P em resposta a localização de aplicação de P, ao teor de água no solo e a presença de substâncias húmicas revestindo o fertilizante fosfatado. Para o presente trabalho, foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento, grânulos do fertilizante fosfatado foram depositados ao centro de placas de Petri, que foram preenchidas com solo e incubadas, e as amostras de solo foram obtidas em círculos concêntricos partindo do local de deposição dos grânulos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2, com quatro repetições, sendo quatro umidades baseadas na capacidade máxima de retenção de agua gravitacional (20, 40, 60 e 80%) e dois fertilizantes, um na forma convencional e outro revestido por substâncias húmicas. As distâncias de amostragem foram analisadas separadamente. Para o segundo experimento, plantas de milho foram conduzidas em plant growth containers (PGCs) a fim de se avaliar o comportamento do P no ambiente rizosférico, por meio da extração sequencial de P, e o estado nutricional das plantas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os fertilizantes fosfatados, um na forma convencional e outro revestido por substâncias húmicas, considerados como parcela, e as distâncias de amostragem as subparcelas. Os fertilizantes fosfatados foram aplicados em diferentes profundidades e estas foram analisadas separadamente. O fertilizante revestido por substâncias húmicas proporcionou maior disponibilidade e difusão de P em relação ao fertilizante convencional, em função da umidade contida no solo e a localização de aplicação do fertilizante. Os valores de massa de matéria seca e teor de P em parte aérea e raiz das plantas de milho foram maiores na presença de substâncias húmicas. O fertilizante convencional acumulou maiores teores de P NaHCO3 e P HCl, formas menos lábeis, enquanto o fertilizante revestido por substâncias húmicas proporciona maiores teores de P lábil (RTA).
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients for plants to ensure some essential physiological activities. However, due to the conditions of highly weathered tropical soils, this is one of the most limiting nutrients to crops and, understanding the dynamics of this nutrient in the soil, is important to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the diffusive flux and the availability of P in response to the placement of the fertilizer in the soil, the water content and the presence of humic substances coating the fertilizer. The present study was divided in two experiments. At the first one, the fertilizer was applied in the center of Petri dishes filled with soil an incubated. Soils samples were obtained in concentric circles starting from the center. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments consisted in four water content based on the maximum water holding capacity, and two sources of P, conventional and coated by humic substances. For the second experiment, maize plants were conducted in plant growth containers (PGCs) in order to evaluate the behavior of P in rhizospheric environment, through sequential extraction of P, and the nutritional state of plants. The study was carried out in a split plot in randomized blocks design, with four replicates. Phosphate fertilizers were the main plot and the different distances from the plant roots were the split plots. Fertilizer coated by humic substances provided higher availability and diffusion of P compared to the conventional fertilizer, especially in high water content and when applied close to the plant roots. The values of dry matter and P content in maize plants were higher in the presence of humic substances. Conventional fertilizer accumulated higher levels of P NaHCO3 and P HCl, while fertilizer coated by humic substances provided higher levels of labile P.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients for plants to ensure some essential physiological activities. However, due to the conditions of highly weathered tropical soils, this is one of the most limiting nutrients to crops and, understanding the dynamics of this nutrient in the soil, is important to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the diffusive flux and the availability of P in response to the placement of the fertilizer in the soil, the water content and the presence of humic substances coating the fertilizer. The present study was divided in two experiments. At the first one, the fertilizer was applied in the center of Petri dishes filled with soil an incubated. Soils samples were obtained in concentric circles starting from the center. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments consisted in four water content based on the maximum water holding capacity, and two sources of P, conventional and coated by humic substances. For the second experiment, maize plants were conducted in plant growth containers (PGCs) in order to evaluate the behavior of P in rhizospheric environment, through sequential extraction of P, and the nutritional state of plants. The study was carried out in a split plot in randomized blocks design, with four replicates. Phosphate fertilizers were the main plot and the different distances from the plant roots were the split plots. Fertilizer coated by humic substances provided higher availability and diffusion of P compared to the conventional fertilizer, especially in high water content and when applied close to the plant roots. The values of dry matter and P content in maize plants were higher in the presence of humic substances. Conventional fertilizer accumulated higher levels of P NaHCO3 and P HCl, while fertilizer coated by humic substances provided higher levels of labile P.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
substâncias húmicas, disponibilidade de fósforo, mobilidade do fósforo, fracionamento do fósforo