Influencia da escala nos resultados de estimativa de perda de solo por meio da EUPS
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Data
2017-12-01
Autores
Silveira, Patrícia Borges [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre os recursos naturais que o homem necessita para sobreviver, o solo se insere na lista dos mais importantes, sendo um dos suportes da produção agrícola, a fim de abastecer as populações. Contudo, pesquisadores do mundo todo têm alertado que devido à pressão de uso e ocupação da terra, os solos tendem a se modificarem pela força da água e dos ventos o que ocasionará a formação de desertos. Assim, visando contribuir com estudos que buscam a preservação e conservação dos solos para fins agrícolas, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo colaborar com o aprimoramento de modelo preditivo de erosão (EUPS), visando uma melhor aproximação entre os dados de estimativa de perda de solo obtidos com o modelo e os dados registrados em campo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos e avaliar as hipóteses formuladas, a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo, EUPS, foi aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Alam Grei, na escala de 1:10.000, utilizando três diferentes técnicas de obtenção dos valores referentes ao fator topográfico da EUPS. Tais resultados foram comparados com os dados obtidos em duas vertentes selecionadas dessa bacia na escala de detalhe de 1:1.000, a fim de verificar como a escala interfere nos resultados obtidos com o referido modelo. Os resultados mostraram que a escala de maior detalhe favorece a obtenção de dados de melhor qualidade, a fim de apresentar valores finais de EPS mais reais, já que permite a obtenção de dados menos generalizados. Além disso, os valores de estimativa de perda de solo adquiridos com o modelo EUPS foram comparados com duas parcelas de experimentação, pinos de erosão e calhas de Gerlach, indicando valores muito discrepantes dos dados reais de perda de solo. Dessa forma, entende-se que a variedade de dados encontrados na presente pesquisa demonstra a necessidade de se concentrar esforços na busca de obtenção de valores mais satisfatórios dos parâmetros que compõem a EUPS, a fim de que o modelo citado, amplamente usado no mundo todo, possa ser um instrumento que forneça subsídios a fim de planejar e viabilizar ações de uso e ocupação da terra e práticas conservacionistas que visem amenizar o desencadeamento dos processos erosivos em áreas agrícolas.
Among the natural resources that man needs to survive, the soil is included in the list of the most important, since without it the agricultural production, in order to supply the populations, becomes unfeasible. However, researchers around the world have warned that due to improper exploitation, the world's soils tend to change by force of water and wind, which will lead to the formation of uninhabitable deserts. Thus, in order to contribute to studies that seek the preservation and conservation of soils for agricultural purposes, this research aims to collaborate with the improvement of the predictive model of erosion (EUPS), aiming at a better approximation between the data of estimation of soil losses obtained with the model and the data registered in the field. In order to reach the proposed objectives and to evaluate the hypotheses formulated, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) was applied in the Alam Grei river basin, in the scale of 1: 10,000, using three different techniques to obtain the values referring to the topographic factor of the EUPS. These results were compared with the data obtained in two selected slopes of this basin in the detail scale of 1: 1,000, in order to verify how the scale interferes in the results obtained with said model. The results showed that the scale of detail favors the obtaining of data of better quality, in order to present final values of more real EPS, since it allows obtaining data less generalized. In addition, the soil loss estimation values acquired with the EUPS model were compared with two experimental plots, erosion pins and Gerlach gutters, indicating very discrepant values of the actual soil loss data. In this way, it is understood that the variety of data found in the present study demonstrates the need to concentrate efforts in the search for obtaining more satisfactory values of the parameters that make up the EUPS, so that the model mentioned, widely used worldwide, can be an instrument that provides subsidies in order to plan and make feasible land use and occupation actions and conservation practices aimed at mitigating the triggering of erosion processes in agricultural areas.
Among the natural resources that man needs to survive, the soil is included in the list of the most important, since without it the agricultural production, in order to supply the populations, becomes unfeasible. However, researchers around the world have warned that due to improper exploitation, the world's soils tend to change by force of water and wind, which will lead to the formation of uninhabitable deserts. Thus, in order to contribute to studies that seek the preservation and conservation of soils for agricultural purposes, this research aims to collaborate with the improvement of the predictive model of erosion (EUPS), aiming at a better approximation between the data of estimation of soil losses obtained with the model and the data registered in the field. In order to reach the proposed objectives and to evaluate the hypotheses formulated, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) was applied in the Alam Grei river basin, in the scale of 1: 10,000, using three different techniques to obtain the values referring to the topographic factor of the EUPS. These results were compared with the data obtained in two selected slopes of this basin in the detail scale of 1: 1,000, in order to verify how the scale interferes in the results obtained with said model. The results showed that the scale of detail favors the obtaining of data of better quality, in order to present final values of more real EPS, since it allows obtaining data less generalized. In addition, the soil loss estimation values acquired with the EUPS model were compared with two experimental plots, erosion pins and Gerlach gutters, indicating very discrepant values of the actual soil loss data. In this way, it is understood that the variety of data found in the present study demonstrates the need to concentrate efforts in the search for obtaining more satisfactory values of the parameters that make up the EUPS, so that the model mentioned, widely used worldwide, can be an instrument that provides subsidies in order to plan and make feasible land use and occupation actions and conservation practices aimed at mitigating the triggering of erosion processes in agricultural areas.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geomorfologia, Erosão dos solos, EUPS, Extensão de vertentes, Geomorphology, Soil erosion, USLE, Extension slope