Políticas públicas de educação alimentar e nutricional na educação infantil: um estudo sobre as práticas realizadas em um município do interior de São Paulo
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Data
2017-12-19
Autores
Otsuko, Tais Maria
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral realizar uma análise das práticas de educação alimentar e nutricional em instituições públicas de educação infantil, na fase da pré-escola, de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O estudo foi realizado com base em levantamento bibliográfico, análise documental e coleta de dados em campo na forma de observação e entrevista. A pesquisa documental foi realizada por meio da análise das políticas federais e demais documentos oficiais sobre a temática: educação alimentar e nutricional para a educação infantil. As observações foram realizadas em uma instituição de educação infantil, com o auxílio do roteiro de observação, e os eventos foram registrados em diário de campo. Os documentos desta instituição, Projeto Político Pedagógico, planejamentos de aula e diários de classe, também foram analisados. As entrevistas foram efetuadas em sete escolas, duas a quatro entrevistas foram realizadas em cada escola, assim totalizando 20 entrevistas. Estas eram do tipo semiestruturadas, continham 18 questões, que tratavam da formação inicial docente e das práticas sobre alimentação e nutrição, estas formuladas com base na literatura da área da educação infantil e publicações oficiais. A análise dos documentos da instituição, dos dados observacionais e das entrevistas foi realizada com a finalidade de observar se a educação alimentar e nutricional de fato se concretiza na educação infantil. Com o intuito de compreendermos a realidade estudada, confrontamos os dados obtidos com a literatura da área da educação, nutrição e publicações oficiais. Observamos falhas na formação docente, no que se refere à educação alimentar e nutricional. Como resultado desta realidade encontrada, notamos a ausência da educação alimentar e nutricional no planejamento de aula, e esta prática não se faz presente nas instituições de educação infantil. As escassas práticas observadas eram caracterizadas pela ausência de estímulo e ludicidade, semelhantes às propostas escolarizantes, tão criticadas para esta fase da educação. Concluímos que as práticas de educação alimentar e nutricional analisadas não condizem com as políticas públicas, documentos oficiais e literatura da área. Assim justifica-se a elaboração da Proposta de Intervenção - Orientações para a formulação de políticas públicas de educação alimentar e nutricional para a educação infantil – que trata da elaboração de orientações para que os gestores municipais da área da educação tenham subsídios para formular políticas públicas de educação alimentar e nutricional para esta etapa da educação. A proposta de intervenção poderá instrumentalizar atores, como secretários da educação, supervisoras de ensino, coordenadoras pedagógicas, a fim de que elaborem e implementem às políticas de formação continuada de professores na temática de alimentação e nutrição, isto para que a equipe pedagógica compreenda a importância de realizar educação alimentar e nutricional com as crianças.
The present work has as general objective to perform an analysis of the practices of food and nutritional education in public institutions of early childhood education, in the preschool phase, of a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The study was accomplished based on a bibliographical survey, documentary analysis and field data collection in the form of observation and interview. The documentary research was carried out through the analysis of federal policies and other official documents on the topic: food and nutritional education to children's education. The observations were done in an early childhood education institution with the observation script support, and the events were registered in a field diary. The documents of this institution, Political Pedagogical Project, lesson plans and class diaries, were also analyzed. The interviews were done in seven schools, two to four interviews were conducted in each school, thus representing 20 interviews. These ones were semistructured types, containing 18 questions dealing with initial teacher training and feeding and nutrition practices, formulated on the basis of early childhood education literature and official publications. The institution's documents analysis, observational data and interviews were carried out with the purpose of observing if the food and nutritional education actually occurs in the infantile education. In order to understand the studied reality, we compared the data obtained from the literature on education, nutrition and official publications. We observed flaws in teacher education in relation to food and nutrition education. As a result of this reality, we noticed the absence of food and nutritional education in classroom planning, and this practice is not included in preschool institutions. The scarce practices observed were characterized by the absence of incentive and playfulness, similar to the scholarly proposals so criticized for this phase of education. We concluded that the food and nutritional education practices analyzed are not in line with the public policies, official documents and literature of the area. Therefore, the preparation of the Intervention Proposal - Guidelines for the formulation of public policies of food and nutritional education for early childhood education – they are guidelines preparation for municipal education managers to food and nutrition education in order to get subsidies to form public policies for this stage of education. The intervention proposal may instrumentalize actors, such as education secretaries, teaching supervisors, pedagogical coordinators, in order to elaborate and implement the teachers´continuous training policies in food and nutrition, so that the pedagogical team understands the importance to accomplish food and nutrition education with children.
The present work has as general objective to perform an analysis of the practices of food and nutritional education in public institutions of early childhood education, in the preschool phase, of a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The study was accomplished based on a bibliographical survey, documentary analysis and field data collection in the form of observation and interview. The documentary research was carried out through the analysis of federal policies and other official documents on the topic: food and nutritional education to children's education. The observations were done in an early childhood education institution with the observation script support, and the events were registered in a field diary. The documents of this institution, Political Pedagogical Project, lesson plans and class diaries, were also analyzed. The interviews were done in seven schools, two to four interviews were conducted in each school, thus representing 20 interviews. These ones were semistructured types, containing 18 questions dealing with initial teacher training and feeding and nutrition practices, formulated on the basis of early childhood education literature and official publications. The institution's documents analysis, observational data and interviews were carried out with the purpose of observing if the food and nutritional education actually occurs in the infantile education. In order to understand the studied reality, we compared the data obtained from the literature on education, nutrition and official publications. We observed flaws in teacher education in relation to food and nutrition education. As a result of this reality, we noticed the absence of food and nutritional education in classroom planning, and this practice is not included in preschool institutions. The scarce practices observed were characterized by the absence of incentive and playfulness, similar to the scholarly proposals so criticized for this phase of education. We concluded that the food and nutritional education practices analyzed are not in line with the public policies, official documents and literature of the area. Therefore, the preparation of the Intervention Proposal - Guidelines for the formulation of public policies of food and nutritional education for early childhood education – they are guidelines preparation for municipal education managers to food and nutrition education in order to get subsidies to form public policies for this stage of education. The intervention proposal may instrumentalize actors, such as education secretaries, teaching supervisors, pedagogical coordinators, in order to elaborate and implement the teachers´continuous training policies in food and nutrition, so that the pedagogical team understands the importance to accomplish food and nutrition education with children.
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Palavras-chave
Educação infantil, Educação nutricional, Políticas educacionais, Child education, Nutritional education, Educational policies