Avaliação da fragilidade e dos efeitos da urbanização sobre o relevo no setor oeste da cidade de Rio Claro (SP)
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Data
2017-12-07
Autores
Franzin, Marcelo Eduardo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A urbanização tem crescido consideravelmente nos países tropicais e em desenvolvimento; no Brasil, nas últimas sete décadas, a população passou a ser predominante urbana. A construção das cidades e a expansão das áreas urbanas tem alterado as dinâmicas dos sistemas naturais e provocado profundas alterações nas paisagens, com a criação de novas condições para os fluxos de matéria e energia no sistema relevo, suporte físico para o assentamento urbano. No âmbito da geomorfologia, a antropogeomorfologia considera o homem como um agente geomorfológico, capaz de alterar as formas e os processos geomorfológicos. Essa vertente de estudos tem contribuído com a análise ambiental dos meios urbanos e dos efeitos da ocupação das cidades sobre o relevo. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa busca relacionar as características físicas do relevo, a fragilidade do meio físico, a fragilidade ambiental (ROSS, 1990, 1994, 2001) e os padrões de urbanização, buscando colaborar com instrumentos de gestão e planejamento para áreas urbanas. Assim, tem como objetivo avaliar a fragilidade do meio físico e ambiental do setor oeste da cidade de Rio Claro (SP), a fim de identificar como determinadas características geomorfológicas suportam as transformações promovidas pelo uso urbano. Para alcançar o objetivo exposto, parte-se da análise sistêmica, a partir da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas aplicada a Geografia, e por um referencial metodológico e técnico aplicado aos estudos de ambientes antropizados por meio de níveis hierárquicos de fragilidade potencial e emergente, considerando o histórico evolutivo da área e os parâmetros físicos e ambientais, extraídos da análise de materiais cartográficos elaborados. A síntese das variáveis físicas do relevo na carta de fragilidade do meio físico, possibilitou uma análise articulada: dos parâmetros morfométricos, dos materiais inconsolidados e das feições erosivas, o que permitiu apontar as características geomorfológicas que suportam de maneira estável ou instável diferentes usos da terra, em áreas urbanas e rurais. A fragilidade ambiental é alterada de acordo com as características do uso da terra e o tipo de cobertura vegetal, sendo possível identificar como a urbanização acentua a fragilidade ambiental, enquanto outras formas de ocupação e cobertura vegetal atenuaram a fragilidade. O modelo cartográfico para identificar os padrões urbanos e os efeitos sobre fragilidade ambiental, permitiu setorizar o ambiente urbano a partir da diversidade da forma de ocupação do solo e a capacidade técnica das infraestruturas urbanas utilizadas por diferentes classes sociais.
The urbanization has risen considerably in developing tropical countries; in Brazil, in the last seven decades the population has passed to be mainly urban. The cities’ construction and the expansion of urban areas has altered the natural system dynamics and caused deep modifications on landscapes, with the creation of new conditions to the matter and energy flows in the relief system, physical support to the urban settlement. In the scope of geomorphology, anthropomorphology considers man as a geomorphological agent, capable of altering geomorphological forms and processes. This strand of studies has contributed to the environmental analysis of urban environments and the effects of the occupation of cities on relief. In this context, the present research seeks to relate the physical characteristics of the relief, the fragility of the physical environment, the environmental fragility (ROSS, 1990, 1994, 2001) and urbanization patterns, seeking to collaborate with management and planning instruments for urban areas. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the fragility of the physical and environmental environment of the western sector of the city of Rio Claro (São Paulo State), in order to identify how certain geomorphological characteristics support the transformations promoted by urban use. In order to achieve the above objective, it is based on the systemic analysis, based on the General Theory of Systems applied to Geography, and a methodological and technical reference applied to the studies of anthropized environments through hierarchical levels of potential and emerging fragility, considering the evolutionary history of the area and physical and environmental parameters, extracted from the analysis of elaborated cartographic materials. The synthesis of physical variables of relief in the letter of fragility of the physical environment, allowed an analysis articulated: the morphometric parameters, the unconsolidated materials and erosive features, which allowed pointing the geomorphological characteristics that support a stable or unstable different land uses, in urban and rural areas. The environmental fragility is amended in accordance with the characteristics of the land use and the type of plant cover, being possible to identify as urbanization accentuates the environmental fragility, while other forms of occupation and vegetation cover attenuated the fragilit. The cartographic model to identify the urban patterns and the effects on environmental fragility, allowed setorizar the urban environment from the diversity of form of occupation of the soil and the technical capacity of urban infrastructures used by different social classes.
The urbanization has risen considerably in developing tropical countries; in Brazil, in the last seven decades the population has passed to be mainly urban. The cities’ construction and the expansion of urban areas has altered the natural system dynamics and caused deep modifications on landscapes, with the creation of new conditions to the matter and energy flows in the relief system, physical support to the urban settlement. In the scope of geomorphology, anthropomorphology considers man as a geomorphological agent, capable of altering geomorphological forms and processes. This strand of studies has contributed to the environmental analysis of urban environments and the effects of the occupation of cities on relief. In this context, the present research seeks to relate the physical characteristics of the relief, the fragility of the physical environment, the environmental fragility (ROSS, 1990, 1994, 2001) and urbanization patterns, seeking to collaborate with management and planning instruments for urban areas. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the fragility of the physical and environmental environment of the western sector of the city of Rio Claro (São Paulo State), in order to identify how certain geomorphological characteristics support the transformations promoted by urban use. In order to achieve the above objective, it is based on the systemic analysis, based on the General Theory of Systems applied to Geography, and a methodological and technical reference applied to the studies of anthropized environments through hierarchical levels of potential and emerging fragility, considering the evolutionary history of the area and physical and environmental parameters, extracted from the analysis of elaborated cartographic materials. The synthesis of physical variables of relief in the letter of fragility of the physical environment, allowed an analysis articulated: the morphometric parameters, the unconsolidated materials and erosive features, which allowed pointing the geomorphological characteristics that support a stable or unstable different land uses, in urban and rural areas. The environmental fragility is amended in accordance with the characteristics of the land use and the type of plant cover, being possible to identify as urbanization accentuates the environmental fragility, while other forms of occupation and vegetation cover attenuated the fragilit. The cartographic model to identify the urban patterns and the effects on environmental fragility, allowed setorizar the urban environment from the diversity of form of occupation of the soil and the technical capacity of urban infrastructures used by different social classes.
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Palavras-chave
Relevo, Fragilidade do meio físico, Fragilidade ambiental, Urbanização, Environmental fragility, Physical environment fragility, Relief, Urbanization