Efeito da ciclagem térmica nas propriedades mecânicas de materiais restauradores indiretos: isolamento do fator água
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Data
2017-12-08
Autores
Yamamoto, Lígia Tiaki [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O sucesso a longo prazo das restaurações dentárias é limitada pela sua durabilidade no meio bucal. Testes in vitro continuam sendo ferramentas indispensáveis para avaliação inicial dos materiais dentários. Ciclagem térmica é um dos procedimentos mais utilizados para simular o envelhecimento fisiológico no qual os biomateriais são submetidos na prática clínica. Os objetivos desse estudo foram determinar o efeito da variação da temperatura, isolando o efeito hidrolítico, na degradação de uma cerâmica feldspática e de um cimento resinoso por meio de comparação entre os métodos artificiais de envelhecimento: armazenamento em água destilada, termociclagem em água e termociclagem em óleo mineral seguido pelo ensaio de flexão de 3 pontos e mini-flexão. Blocos de CAD-CAM de cerâmica feldspática foram cortados e lixados para obter-se 100 barras, com dimensões de 14 x 4 x 1,2 mm. Foram confeccionadas 100 barras de cimento resinoso autoadesivo, com dimensões de 12 x 2 x 2 mm. As barras foram aleatoriamente divididas (n = 10) e envelhecidos por meio de termociclagem em água e óleo mineral por 500 (norma ISO 11405), 5000 e 10000 ciclos com banhos de 30 s a 5 oC e 55 oC e armazenados em água destilada em estufa a 37 oC pelo mesmo tempo que foi realizado a ciclagem (9 h, 4 dias e 8 dias), além de dois grupos controles, um de cerâmica feldspática e outro de cimento resinoso ambos sem envelhecimento, totalizando 20 grupos. Após o envelhecimento, as barras foram fraturadas por meio do ensaio de flexão de 3 pontos e mini-flexão e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Amostras representativas de cada grupo foram submetidas ao teste de dureza Knoop (cimento resinoso) e Vickers (cerâmica feldspática). Algumas superfícies fraturadas foram analisadas em Microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Para cerâmica feldspática não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos, apontando que os envelhecimentos propostos pelo trabalho não degradaram as amostras, já para o cimento resinoso houve diminuição da resistência à flexão após 8 dias ou 10000 ciclos térmicos, sendo que a termociclagem degradou ainda mais a amostra quando comparada ao armazenamento em água por 8 dias. Para dureza Vickers na cerâmica houve decréscimo após 10000 ciclos térmicos em óleo mineral. Para dureza Knoop no cimento resinoso, os valores diminuíram conforme aumentou o número de ciclos para a termociclagem em óleo e aumentou no armazenamento em água e não houve diferença para a termociclagem em água. Dentre as limitações desse estudo concluiu-se que é necessário mais ciclos térmicos/tempo para degradar a cerâmica feldspática e que para o cimento resinoso 10000 ciclos térmicos são suficientes para apontar degradação desse material.
The long-term success of dental restorations is limited by their durability in oral environments. In vitro tests remain essential to evaluate dental materials. Thermocycling is one of the most commonly used test to simulate physiological aging, to which biomaterials are exposed in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thermocycling, in non-aqueous surroundings, on feldspathic ceramic and resin cement degradation comparing 3-point bending flexural strength test and mini-flexural strength test respectively. CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic blocks were cut and polished to obtain 100 bars (14 x 4 x1.2 mm). One hundred resin cement bars were fabricated (12 x 2 x 2 mm). The bars were randomly divided into groups (n = 10) and submitted to aging using thermocycling in water (ISO 11405) and in mineral oil for 500, 5000 and 100000 cycles from 5 °C to 55 °C, with 30 s dwell time and stored in distilled water in a dry oven at 37°C for the same time as cycling occurred (9 h, 4 days and 8 days) besides the two control groups, one feldspathic ceramic and one resin cement both without aging, totaling 20 groups. After aging, the bars were fractured using 3 point bending test and mini-flexural test and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. Representative samples of each group were subjected to Knoop (resin cement) and Vickers (feldspathic ceramic) hardness test. Some of the fractured surfaces were analyzed through scanning electron microscope. No significant difference was observed between the feldspathic ceramic groups, showing that aging processes suggested in the study did not degrade the samples. As for the resin cement, a decrease in flexural strength after 8 days or 10000 thermal cycles was observed, in which thermocycling degraded the sample further when compared to the water storage for 8 days. For Vickers hardness in the ceramic there was decrease after 10000 thermal cycles in mineral oil. For Knoop hardness in the resin cement, values decreased as the number of thermal cycles for increased in oil and values increased in water storage and there was no difference for thermocycling in water. Within the limitations of the study, it is concluded that more cycles/days are necessary to degrade feldspathic ceramic and that for resin cement degradation to become evident 10000 thermal cycles are sufficient.
The long-term success of dental restorations is limited by their durability in oral environments. In vitro tests remain essential to evaluate dental materials. Thermocycling is one of the most commonly used test to simulate physiological aging, to which biomaterials are exposed in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thermocycling, in non-aqueous surroundings, on feldspathic ceramic and resin cement degradation comparing 3-point bending flexural strength test and mini-flexural strength test respectively. CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic blocks were cut and polished to obtain 100 bars (14 x 4 x1.2 mm). One hundred resin cement bars were fabricated (12 x 2 x 2 mm). The bars were randomly divided into groups (n = 10) and submitted to aging using thermocycling in water (ISO 11405) and in mineral oil for 500, 5000 and 100000 cycles from 5 °C to 55 °C, with 30 s dwell time and stored in distilled water in a dry oven at 37°C for the same time as cycling occurred (9 h, 4 days and 8 days) besides the two control groups, one feldspathic ceramic and one resin cement both without aging, totaling 20 groups. After aging, the bars were fractured using 3 point bending test and mini-flexural test and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. Representative samples of each group were subjected to Knoop (resin cement) and Vickers (feldspathic ceramic) hardness test. Some of the fractured surfaces were analyzed through scanning electron microscope. No significant difference was observed between the feldspathic ceramic groups, showing that aging processes suggested in the study did not degrade the samples. As for the resin cement, a decrease in flexural strength after 8 days or 10000 thermal cycles was observed, in which thermocycling degraded the sample further when compared to the water storage for 8 days. For Vickers hardness in the ceramic there was decrease after 10000 thermal cycles in mineral oil. For Knoop hardness in the resin cement, values decreased as the number of thermal cycles for increased in oil and values increased in water storage and there was no difference for thermocycling in water. Within the limitations of the study, it is concluded that more cycles/days are necessary to degrade feldspathic ceramic and that for resin cement degradation to become evident 10000 thermal cycles are sufficient.
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Palavras-chave
Cerâmica, Materiais dentários, Alterações na temperatura corporal, Técnicas in vitro, Ceramic, Dental Materials, Thermal cycling