Paisagem e território de resistência: as frentes de expansão econômica e a cultura Xavante
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Data
2017-12-13
Autores
Oliveira, Renan Andreosi Salles de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo identificar e refletir sobre as estratégias socioculturais que permitiram aos índios Xavante, depois de séculos de espoliação cultural e territorial, o desenvolvimento de diferentes mecanismos adaptativos que garantiram sua reprodução. A tentativa aqui é de mostrar que essas estratégias e mecanismos socioculturais foram decisivos não só na manutenção de parte de seu território, mas também na manutenção de sua coesão social e relativa autonomia cultural. Outrossim, pretende-se como objetivo específico dessa dissertação, identificar quais dessas mudanças culturais são perceptíveis na paisagem, de forma a se buscar uma compreensão mais profunda sobre os mecanismos de apropriação desenvolvidos por esse povo na interface com a sociedade nacional contemporânea. A metodologia proposta para galgar tais objetivos, estrutura-se em extensos levantamentos bibliográficos multidisciplinares, que possam viabilizar, entre outras coisas: a construção concisa da historiografia Xavante, permitir o real entendimento da variação da organização social desse povo ao longo do contato com a sociedade nacional e, igualmente, auxiliar na construção de um aparato teórico capaz de alicerçar a dissertação desejada e sustentar os argumentos utilizados. Outros procedimentos relevantes aos objetivos pretendidos são as entrevistas e observações em campo, que, ao produzirem dados primários, podem revelar detalhes e oferecer diferentes nuances sobre dinâmicas socioculturais Xavante tão fundamentais aos objetivos dessa pesquisa. A presente pesquisa, ainda que inconclusa, projeta enxergar o povo Xavante como o principal sujeito de suas decisões, capaz de resistir aos avanços das frentes de expansão capitalistas sobre seu território e, acima de tudo, capaz de manter sua coesão sociocultural e decidir sobre os rumos e parâmetros do seu próprio desenvolvimento. Independentemente dos resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar que essa dissertação não tomará o Xavante como vítima de um trágico processo histórico, mas sim que, apesar de todos seus infortúnios, esse povo, sem relações tutelares, está habilitado a procurar seu caminho e manter-se como uma das maiores nações indígenas americanas.
The present dissertation has the objective of identifying and reflecting upon the sociocultural strategies that allowed the Xavante indians, after centuries of cultural and territory spoliation, the development of different adaptative mechanisms which guaranteed their reproduction. Here, the attempt is to show that those sociocultural strategies and mechanisms were decisive not only for the maintenance of part of its territory, as well as the maintenance of its social cohesion and relative cultural autonomy. On the other hand, as a specific objective of this dissertation, one intends to identify which of those cultural changes are perceived in the landscape, in order to seek a deeper comprehension of the appropriation mechanisms developed by those people in the interface with the national contemporary society. The proposed methodology to reach said objectives has been built up upon extensive multidisciplinary bibliographical surveys that might make feasible, among other things: the concise construction of the Xavante historiography, allow for the actual understanding of the social organization variation of those people during the interaction with the national society, and equally support the construction of a theoretical apparatus capable of laying the foundation for the desired dissertation and sustaining the employed arguments. Other procedures relevant to the intended objectives are the interviews and field observations that, upon producing primary data, may reveal details and offer different nuances on sociocultural Xavante dynamics, so fundamental to the objectives of this research. The present research, although not yet concluded, projects to perceive the Xavante people as the main subject of their decisions, capable of offering resistance to the progress of capitalist expansion fronts upon their territory and, above all, capable of maintaining their sociocultural cohesion, and decide on the course and parameters of their own development. Independently of the results achieved, it is possible to affirm that this dissertation will not place the Xavante as victims of a tragic historical process, but as people with no tutelary relationships that, in spite of all misfortunes, are skilled to search for their path and keep themselves as one of the greatest american indian nations.
The present dissertation has the objective of identifying and reflecting upon the sociocultural strategies that allowed the Xavante indians, after centuries of cultural and territory spoliation, the development of different adaptative mechanisms which guaranteed their reproduction. Here, the attempt is to show that those sociocultural strategies and mechanisms were decisive not only for the maintenance of part of its territory, as well as the maintenance of its social cohesion and relative cultural autonomy. On the other hand, as a specific objective of this dissertation, one intends to identify which of those cultural changes are perceived in the landscape, in order to seek a deeper comprehension of the appropriation mechanisms developed by those people in the interface with the national contemporary society. The proposed methodology to reach said objectives has been built up upon extensive multidisciplinary bibliographical surveys that might make feasible, among other things: the concise construction of the Xavante historiography, allow for the actual understanding of the social organization variation of those people during the interaction with the national society, and equally support the construction of a theoretical apparatus capable of laying the foundation for the desired dissertation and sustaining the employed arguments. Other procedures relevant to the intended objectives are the interviews and field observations that, upon producing primary data, may reveal details and offer different nuances on sociocultural Xavante dynamics, so fundamental to the objectives of this research. The present research, although not yet concluded, projects to perceive the Xavante people as the main subject of their decisions, capable of offering resistance to the progress of capitalist expansion fronts upon their territory and, above all, capable of maintaining their sociocultural cohesion, and decide on the course and parameters of their own development. Independently of the results achieved, it is possible to affirm that this dissertation will not place the Xavante as victims of a tragic historical process, but as people with no tutelary relationships that, in spite of all misfortunes, are skilled to search for their path and keep themselves as one of the greatest american indian nations.
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Palavras-chave
Xavante, Paisagem, Território, Landscape, Territory