Sobre quilombos e territórios: um estudo na comunidade Mandira
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Data
2017-12-13
Autores
Silveira, Yume Kikuda [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a comunidade quilombola Mandira, que se localiza no Vale do Ribeira, na zona rural do município de Cananéia, litoral sul de São Paulo. Com o intuito de conhecer, compreender e interpretar as transformações e mudanças que estão em processo na comunidade, decorrentes do reconhecimento oficial da Terra de Quilombo e da criação da Reserva Extrativista, ambas no ano de 2002, a partir das experiências e percepções dos moradores de Mandira. Essa pesquisa visa colaborar com o debate sobre populações quilombolas e a sua relação com o território. Além de contextualizar a formação e a transformação dos quilombos brasileiros, e contribuir para a valorização da identidade cultural quilombola dessa importante comunidade. Para a realização desta pesquisa foram necessários levantamentos bibliográficos para aprofundamento na temática, levantamento de dados secundários no IBGE, ISA, ITESP entre outros. A realização dos trabalhos de campo foi fundamental para a efetivação da pesquisa, o primeiro trabalho de campo realizado em 2014, foi possível conhecer a comunidade e ver que seria possível a realização desta pesquisa. Já o segundo trabalho de campo, realizado em 2015, foram realizadas seis entrevistas e no terceiro, e último trabalho de campo, realizado em 2017, foram realizadas mais 3 entrevistas, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado, com lideranças e moradores do Mandira. Como resultados, a transformação que salta aos olhos, é referente as construções físicas, desde 2014, o primeiro contato com a comunidade, até 2017, várias construções e mudanças estruturais surgiram e que mudaram a configuração da comunidade. Como a construção do Restaubar Ostra Cataia, dos banheiros de uso público, a reforma e construção da extensão do galpão do centro cultural, muito utilizado em festas e eventos, a piscina, entre outras. Essas novas construções e reformas estão sendo motivadas especialmente pelo turismo de base comunitária que tem se fortalecido em toda a comunidade Mandira. Também foi possível perceber, uma transformação da comunidade no quesito ambiental, no manejo e cuidado do mangue e da extração das ostras, houve uma tomada de consciência no quesito do mangue, pois a extração de ostras estava desenfreada, afetando a capacidade de produção do manguezal. Depois da criação da Cooperostra, seguem um plano de manejo da reserva extrativista, para mitigar o impacto no mangue, que foi causado no passado e hoje já foi revertido. Outra transformação essencial para a comunidade Mandira, foi relacionada a sua identidade cultural, durante muitos anos os moradores sentiam vergonha de serem reconhecidos como mandiranos, pois sofriam racismo e preconceitos, por serem negros, da zona rural e extratores de ostras no manguezal. O quilombo de Mandira deve ser valorizado tanto por sua história, quanto por sua identidade quilombola, como também pelas práticas de conservação da natureza, da Mata Atlântica e do Manguezal.
The present work had as objective to carry out a study on the quilombola community Mandira, that is located in the Ribeira Valley, in the rural zone of the municipality of Cananéia, south coast of São Paulo. With the purpose of knowing, understanding and interpreting the transformations and changes that are in process in the community, due to the official recognition of Quilombo Land and the creation of the Extractive Reserve, both in the year 2002, based on the experiences and perceptions of the inhabitants of Mandira. This research aims to collaborate with the debate about quilombola populations and their relation with the territory. In addition to contextualizing the formation and transformation of Brazilian quilombos, and contributing to the appreciation of the cultural identity of this important community. For the accomplishment of this research it was necessary bibliographical surveys for deepening in the thematic, survey of secondary data in the IBGE, ISA, ITESP among others. The accomplishment of the fieldwork was fundamental for the accomplishment of the research, the first fieldwork conducted in 2014 was possible to know the community and see that it would be possible to carry out this research. The second fieldwork, conducted in 2015, was conducted six interviews and in the third, and last field work, held in 2017, three more interviews were conducted, through a semi-structured script, with leadership and residents of Mandira. As a result, the transformation that jumps to the eye, refers to the physical constructions, since 2014, the first contact with the community, until 2017, there were various constructions and structural changes that changed the configuration of the community. Like the construction of the Restaurate Ostra Cataia, of the bathrooms of public use, the reform and construction of the extension of the shed of the cultural center, much used in parties and events, the swimming pool, among others. These new constructions and reforms are being especially motivated by community-based tourism that has been strengthened throughout the Mandira community. It was also possible to perceive a transformation of the community in the environmental issue, in the management and care of the mangrove and the extraction of the oysters, there was an awareness of the mangrove as the extraction of oysters was unrestrained, affecting the mangrove production capacity. After the creation of Cooperostra, they follow a plan of management of the extractive reserve, to mitigate the impact in the mangrove, that was caused in the past and today has already been mitigated. Another essential transformation for the Mandira community was related to their cultural identity, for many years the residents were ashamed to be recognized as mandiranos, because they suffered racism and prejudice, because they were black, from the countryside and extractors of oysters in the mangrove. The Mandira quilombo should be valued both for its history, as well as for its quilombola identity, as well as for the conservation practices of nature, Atlantic Forest and Mangue.
The present work had as objective to carry out a study on the quilombola community Mandira, that is located in the Ribeira Valley, in the rural zone of the municipality of Cananéia, south coast of São Paulo. With the purpose of knowing, understanding and interpreting the transformations and changes that are in process in the community, due to the official recognition of Quilombo Land and the creation of the Extractive Reserve, both in the year 2002, based on the experiences and perceptions of the inhabitants of Mandira. This research aims to collaborate with the debate about quilombola populations and their relation with the territory. In addition to contextualizing the formation and transformation of Brazilian quilombos, and contributing to the appreciation of the cultural identity of this important community. For the accomplishment of this research it was necessary bibliographical surveys for deepening in the thematic, survey of secondary data in the IBGE, ISA, ITESP among others. The accomplishment of the fieldwork was fundamental for the accomplishment of the research, the first fieldwork conducted in 2014 was possible to know the community and see that it would be possible to carry out this research. The second fieldwork, conducted in 2015, was conducted six interviews and in the third, and last field work, held in 2017, three more interviews were conducted, through a semi-structured script, with leadership and residents of Mandira. As a result, the transformation that jumps to the eye, refers to the physical constructions, since 2014, the first contact with the community, until 2017, there were various constructions and structural changes that changed the configuration of the community. Like the construction of the Restaurate Ostra Cataia, of the bathrooms of public use, the reform and construction of the extension of the shed of the cultural center, much used in parties and events, the swimming pool, among others. These new constructions and reforms are being especially motivated by community-based tourism that has been strengthened throughout the Mandira community. It was also possible to perceive a transformation of the community in the environmental issue, in the management and care of the mangrove and the extraction of the oysters, there was an awareness of the mangrove as the extraction of oysters was unrestrained, affecting the mangrove production capacity. After the creation of Cooperostra, they follow a plan of management of the extractive reserve, to mitigate the impact in the mangrove, that was caused in the past and today has already been mitigated. Another essential transformation for the Mandira community was related to their cultural identity, for many years the residents were ashamed to be recognized as mandiranos, because they suffered racism and prejudice, because they were black, from the countryside and extractors of oysters in the mangrove. The Mandira quilombo should be valued both for its history, as well as for its quilombola identity, as well as for the conservation practices of nature, Atlantic Forest and Mangue.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Quilombo, Mandira, Território, Quilombolas, Reserva extrativista, Extractive reserve, Territory