Efeito da adubação verde e doses de estimulantes em plantio direto: no desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes de feijão no Cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense
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Data
2018-01-11
Autores
Rosa, Matheus Elache
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Conhecendo as condições climáticas da região, fazendo a escolha correta das espécies de plantas de cobertura e do sistema de cultivo, pode-se melhorar a qualidade do solo e favorecer a cultura sucessora. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação verde e doses de estimulantes em plantio direto, no desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes do feijão cultivar BRS Estilo, no cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense. Foram preparados dois experimentos distintos, o primeiro com o estimulante GeoRaiz Gram e o segundo com o estimulante Bacillus subtilis, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, quatro doses: 0, 200, 400 e 600mL 50kg-1sementes dos estimulantes e quatro espécies de plantas de cobertura: Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria juncea e Urochloa ruziziensis. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista FE/UNESP, localizada em Selvíria-MS, no ano agrícola de 2016. As espécies de gramíneas e leguminosas foram semeadas no dia 18 de março no sentido oposto aquele determinado para a semeadura direta do feijão, realizada em 01 de junho, aos 72 dias, 8 dias após a dessecação da palhada das plantas de cobertura, visando a população de 333.333 plantas ha-1. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: massa verde; massa seca das plantas e determinação do teor de macronutrientes, micronutrientes e proteína bruta da massa seca das culturas de cobertura; quantidade de carbono; relação C/N; no feijoeiro, estande inicial; teor de clorofila das folhas; comprimento da raiz principal; componentes de produção: número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem, número de sementes por planta, massa de 100 sementes, massa da palha, relação grão/palha, teor de nutrientes das sementes e produtividade; estande final; qualidade fisiológica de sementes: teste de germinação, primeira contagem, segunda contagem, matéria seca, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte hipocótilo e raiz, teste de condutividade elétrica, teste de envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio e teor de água dos grãos. Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que as plantas de cobertura Crotalaria juncea e Pennisetum glaucum proporcionaram maior volume de massa seca e elevado aporte de nutrientes para o cultivo de feijoeiro, em sistema de plantio direto. A inoculação das sementes de feijão com os estimulantes GeoRaiz Gram e Bacillus subtilis não proporcionaram ganho em produtividade do feijoeiro. As sementes produzidas apresentaram alta qualidade fisiológica, com excelente capacidade germinativa e alto vigor, indicando que os tratamentos favoreceram ao feijoeiro a condição de produção de sementes de alta qualidade.
Knowing the climatic conditions of the region, making the correct choice of cover crop species and the cultivation system, can improve the quality of the soil and favor the successor crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manuring and stimulant doses in no-tillage, in the development, productivity and physiological quality of the BRS Estilo common bean seeds in the cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense. Two distinct experiments were prepared, the first with the GeoRaiz Gram stimulant and the second with the stimulant Bacillus subtilis, in a randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 4, four doses: 0, 200, 400 and 600ml 50kg-1 seeds of the stimulants and four species of cover plants: Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria juncea and Urochloa ruziziensis. The experiments were conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão of the São Paulo State University FE/UNESP, located in Selvíria-MS, in the grown season of 2016. The species of grasses and legumes were sown on March 18 in the opposite direction to that determined for direct sowing of the bean, held on June 1, at 72 days, 8 days after the desiccation of the straw from the cover crops, targeting the population of 333.333 plants ha-1. The evaluated parameters were: green mass; dry mass of plants and determination of the macronutrient, micronutrient and crude protein content of the dry mass of cover crops; amount of carbon; C/N ratio; in the bean plant, initial stand; chlorophyll content of leaves; length of the main root; production components: number of grain beans per plant, number of seeds per pods beans, number of seeds per plant, mass of 100 seeds, straw mass, grain/straw ratio, seed nutrient content and yield; final stand; physiological seed quality: germination test, first count, second count, dry matter, speed germination index, length of the hypocotyl and root part, electrical conductivity test, accelerated aging test, cold test and water content of the grains. Based on the results, it was verified that the cover plants Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum provided higher volume of dry mass and high nutrient intake for bean cultivation, in no-tillage system. The inoculation of the common bean seeds with the GeoRaiz Gram and Bacillus subtilis stimulants did not provide gain in bean productivity. The seeds produced presented high physiological quality, with excellent germinative capacity and high vigor, indicating that the treatments favored the common bean to the condition of producing high quality seeds.
Knowing the climatic conditions of the region, making the correct choice of cover crop species and the cultivation system, can improve the quality of the soil and favor the successor crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manuring and stimulant doses in no-tillage, in the development, productivity and physiological quality of the BRS Estilo common bean seeds in the cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense. Two distinct experiments were prepared, the first with the GeoRaiz Gram stimulant and the second with the stimulant Bacillus subtilis, in a randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 4, four doses: 0, 200, 400 and 600ml 50kg-1 seeds of the stimulants and four species of cover plants: Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria juncea and Urochloa ruziziensis. The experiments were conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão of the São Paulo State University FE/UNESP, located in Selvíria-MS, in the grown season of 2016. The species of grasses and legumes were sown on March 18 in the opposite direction to that determined for direct sowing of the bean, held on June 1, at 72 days, 8 days after the desiccation of the straw from the cover crops, targeting the population of 333.333 plants ha-1. The evaluated parameters were: green mass; dry mass of plants and determination of the macronutrient, micronutrient and crude protein content of the dry mass of cover crops; amount of carbon; C/N ratio; in the bean plant, initial stand; chlorophyll content of leaves; length of the main root; production components: number of grain beans per plant, number of seeds per pods beans, number of seeds per plant, mass of 100 seeds, straw mass, grain/straw ratio, seed nutrient content and yield; final stand; physiological seed quality: germination test, first count, second count, dry matter, speed germination index, length of the hypocotyl and root part, electrical conductivity test, accelerated aging test, cold test and water content of the grains. Based on the results, it was verified that the cover plants Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum provided higher volume of dry mass and high nutrient intake for bean cultivation, in no-tillage system. The inoculation of the common bean seeds with the GeoRaiz Gram and Bacillus subtilis stimulants did not provide gain in bean productivity. The seeds produced presented high physiological quality, with excellent germinative capacity and high vigor, indicating that the treatments favored the common bean to the condition of producing high quality seeds.
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Palavras-chave
Phaseolus vulgaris L., Produção de sementes, Plantas de cobertura, Vigor de sementes, Bioestimulante, Seed yield, Cover plants, Seed vigor, Biostimulant