Prevalência de defeitos de esmalte na dentição decídua em escolares de Araraquara-SP
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Data
2018-02-05
Autores
Almeida, Lana Kei Yamamoto de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os defeitos de esmalte são alterações pouco estudadas na dentição decídua, apesar de acarretarem problemas como sensibilidade dentária, estética indesejável e aumento do risco ao desenvolvimento da cárie dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de defeitos no esmalte dentário na dentição decídua de escolares de Araraquara/SP. Foi realizado o exame clínico em crianças de 4 anos (n=656), para o registro dos seguintes índices: fluorose dentária (FD) (TF, 1978), cárie dentária (OMS, 1997), hipomineralização de molar decíduo (HMD) (Elfrink et al., 2012), defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte não-fluoróticos (FDI, 1992), erosão dentária (Bartlett et al., 2008) e atrição dentária (Pullinger e Seligman, 1993). Dois questionários estruturados foram respondidos pelos pais/responsáveis dos escolares, com intuito de identificar a condição socioeconômica, o histórico médico/odontológico, além do histórico comportamental e de hábitos alimentares. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a novembro/2017 e foram analisados por meio do programa SPSS 17.0 for Windows. A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para verificar a prevalência dos defeitos de esmalte e a relação com as outras variáveis propostas através do teste Qui-quadrado, ao nível de significância de 0,05, sendo as associações verificadas pelo Odds Ratio. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que, dentre os defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário, a FD foi a mais prevalente (6,1%, n=40), seguida pela HMD (5,6%, n=37) e Opacidade localizada (4,1%, n=27). Dentre os defeitos adquiridos, a atrição foi a lesão mais prevalente (36,9%, n=242), seguida pela erosão (2,4%, n=16). Ao avaliar os fatores etiológicos relacionados à manifestação dos defeitos de desenvolvimento dentário nas crianças, as seguintes variáveis apresentaram associação: amamentação não exclusiva pelo leite materno (p=0,003) e icterícia ao nascimento (p<0,001). Com relação aos defeitos de esmalte adquiridos e seus fatores relacionados, verificou-se uma associação significante com episódios frequentes de vômitos (p=0,037). Nenhuma associação foi observada com relação aos fatores socioeconômicos. Conclui-se que a prevalência geral dos defeitos de esmalte na dentição decídua na cidade de Araraquara-SP foi de 48,6%, sendo considerado um valor relevante, visto que o conhecimento destes dados possibilita a instituição de uma conduta preventiva ao paciente afetado por essas alterações.
Enamel defects are alterations that have not been extensively studied in primary dentition, in spite of causing problems such as tooth sensitivity, undesirable esthetic appearance and increased risk for developing dental caries. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of tooth enamel defects in primary dentition of schoolchildren in Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Clinical exams were performed in 4-year-old children (n=656), to record the following indexes: dental fluorosis (DF) (TF, 1978), dental caries (WHO, 1997), deciduous molar hypomineralization (DMH) (Elfrink et al., 2012), developmental enamel defects not related to fluorosis (FDI, 1992), tooth erosion (Bartlett et al., 2008) and dental attrition (Pullinger and Seligman, 1993). Two structured questionnaires were answered by the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren, with the purpose of identifying their socioeconomic condition, medical/dental history, behavioral history and dietary habits. The data were collected in the period from March to November 2017, and were analyzed by means of the program SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were used to verify the prevalence of enamel defects and the relationship with the other variables proposed, by means of the Chi-square test, at the level of significance of 0.05, with the associations being verified by the Odds Ratio. The results of this study showed that among the developmental dental enamel defects, DF was the most prevalent (6.1%, n=40), followed by DMH (5.6%, n=37) and localized opacity (4.1%, n=27). Among the acquired defects, attrition was the most prevalent lesion (36.9%, n=242), followed by erosion (2.4%, n=16). When evaluating the etiologic factors related to the manifestation of developmental dental defects in the children, the following variables presented association: not being exclusively breastfeeding (p=0.003) and jaundice at birth (p<0.001). As regards acquired enamel defects and their related factors, a significant association was verified with frequent episodes of vomiting (p=0.037). No association with socioeconomic factors was observed. The authors concluded that the general prevalence of enamel defects in primary dentition in the city of Araraquara, SP was 48.6%. This was considered a relevant value, considering that the knowledge of these data made it possible to institute preventive measures for the patients affected by these alterations.
Enamel defects are alterations that have not been extensively studied in primary dentition, in spite of causing problems such as tooth sensitivity, undesirable esthetic appearance and increased risk for developing dental caries. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of tooth enamel defects in primary dentition of schoolchildren in Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Clinical exams were performed in 4-year-old children (n=656), to record the following indexes: dental fluorosis (DF) (TF, 1978), dental caries (WHO, 1997), deciduous molar hypomineralization (DMH) (Elfrink et al., 2012), developmental enamel defects not related to fluorosis (FDI, 1992), tooth erosion (Bartlett et al., 2008) and dental attrition (Pullinger and Seligman, 1993). Two structured questionnaires were answered by the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren, with the purpose of identifying their socioeconomic condition, medical/dental history, behavioral history and dietary habits. The data were collected in the period from March to November 2017, and were analyzed by means of the program SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were used to verify the prevalence of enamel defects and the relationship with the other variables proposed, by means of the Chi-square test, at the level of significance of 0.05, with the associations being verified by the Odds Ratio. The results of this study showed that among the developmental dental enamel defects, DF was the most prevalent (6.1%, n=40), followed by DMH (5.6%, n=37) and localized opacity (4.1%, n=27). Among the acquired defects, attrition was the most prevalent lesion (36.9%, n=242), followed by erosion (2.4%, n=16). When evaluating the etiologic factors related to the manifestation of developmental dental defects in the children, the following variables presented association: not being exclusively breastfeeding (p=0.003) and jaundice at birth (p<0.001). As regards acquired enamel defects and their related factors, a significant association was verified with frequent episodes of vomiting (p=0.037). No association with socioeconomic factors was observed. The authors concluded that the general prevalence of enamel defects in primary dentition in the city of Araraquara, SP was 48.6%. This was considered a relevant value, considering that the knowledge of these data made it possible to institute preventive measures for the patients affected by these alterations.
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Palavras-chave
Esmalte dentário, Prevalência, Dente decíduo, Dental enamel, Prevalence, Primary tooth