Contribuição da imagem corporal, comportamento alimentar e percepção de saúde para a qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários – estudo transnacional
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Data
2018-02-08
Autores
Silva, Wanderson Roberto da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a contribuição da imagem corporal, do comportamento alimentar e da percepção de competência para a saúde na qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários brasileiros e portugueses. Métodos: Os participantes preencheram os instrumentos Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; versão reduzida, somente mulheres), Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS; versão reduzida, somente homens), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18), Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (WHOQoL-bref) e um questionário para caracterização da amostra. As propriedades psicométricas de cada instrumento foram estimadas para cada sexo por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória. Um modelo hipoteticamente causal para cada sexo foi testado utilizando a modelagem de equações estruturais. Os aspectos da imagem corporal (BSQ=“Preocupação com a Forma Corporal”; ou MBDS=“Musculatura” e “Aparência Geral do Corpo”), do comportamento alimentar (TFEQ-18=“Restrição Cognitiva”, “Alimentação Emocional”, e “Descontrole Alimentar”) e da percepção de competência para a saúde (PHCS=“Expectativas de Alcançar os Resultados”, e “Competências nos Comportamentos”) foram inseridos diretamente na qualidade de vida (WHOQoL-bref). As variáveis “idade”, “consumo de medicamentos para alterar o corpo”, “consumo de suplementos para alterar o corpo” e “índice de massa corporal (IMC)” foram inseridas no BSQ e nos fatores da MBDS. As características demográficas e acadêmicas foram inseridas diretamente na qualidade de vida. Os modelos foram avaliados pelos índices de ajustamento e pela significância das trajetórias do modelo causal adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: No total, 2.198 universitários (1.396 mulheres) participaram do estudo. As propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos foram adequadas com exceção da PHCS que foi necessário refinamento. Nos modelos (ajustados para amostra feminina e masculina), quanto maior a competência nos comportamentos em saúde melhor a qualidade de vida. As mulheres que se preocupam menos com a forma corporal e têm menor alimentação emocional e os homens com menor insatisfação com a aparência geral do corpo e com menor restrição alimentar apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida. Ainda, nos dois modelos observou-se que as variáveis acadêmicas contribuíram significativamente para a qualidade de vida dos estudantes e que o IMC e o consumo de medicamentos e suplementos para alterar o corpo foram significativos para a imagem corporal. Os modelos finais apresentaram variância explicada de 54% e 49%, respectivamente para o sexo feminino e masculino. Conclusão: Diferentes aspectos da imagem corporal e do comportamento alimentar bem como a competência nos comportamentos em saúde e características acadêmicas contribuíram significativamente para a qualidade de vida de universitários de ambos os sexos.
Aim: To evaluate the contribution of body image, eating behavior and perceived health competence in quality of life of Brazilian and Portuguese university students. Methods: Participants completed the instruments Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; reduced version, only women), Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS; reduced version, only men), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18), Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (WHOQoL-bref) and a questionnaire for characterization of sample. The psychometric properties of each instrument were estimated for each sex using confirmatory factorial analysis. A causal hypothetically model for each sex was tested using structural equation modeling. The aspects of body image (BSQ = "Body Shape Concern"; or MBDS = "Musculature", and "General Body Appearance"), of eating behavior (TFEQ-18 = "Cognitive Restrain”; "Emotional Eating", “Uncontrolled Eating") and Perceived Health Competence (PHCS = "Expectations of achieving Outcomes", and "Competencies in Behaviors") were inserted directly into the quality of life (WHOQoL-bref). The variables "age", "use medication to body change", "use supplements to body change" and "body mass index (BMI)" were inserted in the BSQ and MBDS’ factors. Demographic and academic characteristics were inserted directly in the quality of life. The models were evaluated by fit indices of measurement model and by the significance of the trajectories of the causal model adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: A total of 2,198 university students (1,396 women) participated of the study. The psychometric properties of the instruments were adequate except for the PHCS that was necessary to refine. In both, female and male models, the higher the competence in health behaviors, the better the quality of life. Women who care less about body shape and do less emotional eating and men with less dissatisfaction with the general body appearance and who do not make cognitive restrain presented better quality of life. It was also observed that, in both models, the academic variables contributed significantly to university students' quality of life, and that age, BMI, and consumption of medications and supplements to body change are relevant predictors for the assessed aspects of the body image. The final female and male models presented explained variance of 54% and 49%, respectively. Conclusion: Different aspects of body image and eating behavior, as well as competence in health behaviors and academic characteristics, contributed significantly to the quality of life of university students of both sexes.
Aim: To evaluate the contribution of body image, eating behavior and perceived health competence in quality of life of Brazilian and Portuguese university students. Methods: Participants completed the instruments Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; reduced version, only women), Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS; reduced version, only men), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18), Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (WHOQoL-bref) and a questionnaire for characterization of sample. The psychometric properties of each instrument were estimated for each sex using confirmatory factorial analysis. A causal hypothetically model for each sex was tested using structural equation modeling. The aspects of body image (BSQ = "Body Shape Concern"; or MBDS = "Musculature", and "General Body Appearance"), of eating behavior (TFEQ-18 = "Cognitive Restrain”; "Emotional Eating", “Uncontrolled Eating") and Perceived Health Competence (PHCS = "Expectations of achieving Outcomes", and "Competencies in Behaviors") were inserted directly into the quality of life (WHOQoL-bref). The variables "age", "use medication to body change", "use supplements to body change" and "body mass index (BMI)" were inserted in the BSQ and MBDS’ factors. Demographic and academic characteristics were inserted directly in the quality of life. The models were evaluated by fit indices of measurement model and by the significance of the trajectories of the causal model adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: A total of 2,198 university students (1,396 women) participated of the study. The psychometric properties of the instruments were adequate except for the PHCS that was necessary to refine. In both, female and male models, the higher the competence in health behaviors, the better the quality of life. Women who care less about body shape and do less emotional eating and men with less dissatisfaction with the general body appearance and who do not make cognitive restrain presented better quality of life. It was also observed that, in both models, the academic variables contributed significantly to university students' quality of life, and that age, BMI, and consumption of medications and supplements to body change are relevant predictors for the assessed aspects of the body image. The final female and male models presented explained variance of 54% and 49%, respectively. Conclusion: Different aspects of body image and eating behavior, as well as competence in health behaviors and academic characteristics, contributed significantly to the quality of life of university students of both sexes.
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Palavras-chave
Qualidade de Vida, Imagem corporal, Comportamento Alimentar, Percepção, Saúde, Estudantes, Quality of Life, Body Image, Eating Behavior, Perception, Health, Students