Efeitos da massagem na recuperação pós-exercício à curto prazo sobre desfechos funcionais, clínicos e metabólico
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Data
2018-02-20
Autores
Siqueira, Malu dos Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A massagem tem se mostrado ao longo dos anos uma técnica recuperativa amplamente utilizada no meio esportivo. Estudos demonstram resultados divergentes da técnica em termos de recuperação do desempenho funcional, clínico e metabólico após exercício. A ampla variedade metodológica destes estudos, como em relação ao momento de aplicação da massagem, pode ser uma possível justificativa para tal cenário. Assim, o estudo que investigue a magnitude dos efeitos da massagem aplicada em diferentes momentos da recuperação pósexercício merece destaque. Objetivos: analisar a resposta à curto prazo de variáveis clínicas, funcionais e metabólica em diferentes cenários: i) sem exercício ou massagem; ii) após a realização de massagem; iii) após realização de exercício; iv) após aplicação imediata de massagem pós-exercício e; v) após aplicação da massagem 1 hora pós-exercício. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado do tipo do cross-over, no qual 24 participantes tiveram seus dados de desfechos clínico, funcional e metabólico analisados perante cenários diferentes: i) Cenário controle (CO): condição basal (sob nenhum estresse ou aplicação de massagem); ii) Massagem (MA): após recebimento da massagem; iii) Protocolo de exaustão (PE): após protocolo de exaustão; iv) PE+ massagem imediata (EMI): após o protocolo de exaustão seguido imediatamente de massagem; iv) PE + massagem tardia (EMT): após o protocolo de exaustão e massagem recebida 1h após seu término. O protocolo de exaustão utilizado foi constituído por 10 séries de 10 saltos e um teste de Wingate e o protocolo de massagem manual foi composto de 12 minutos de massagem, sendo 3 minutos destinados a região anterior da coxa de cada membro inferior e 6 minutos destinados ao tronco dorsal, variando de intensidade superficial a profunda intensa. As variáveis estudadas foram: dor muscular, percepção de recuperação, contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM), força (1RM), potência, salto vertical e concentração de lactato sanguíneo [Lac]. A esfericidade dos dados foi testada pelo teste de Mauchly. Em caso de violação do pressuposto da esfericidade, foram utilizadas as correções de Greenhouse-Geisser. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado usando eta-square parcial (η²) e interpretado como pequeno (≥ 0,01), moderado (≥0,06) ou grande (≥0,14). Quando identificado tamanho de efeito grande, foi utilizado o teste de Friedman com pós-teste de Dunn, para dor e percepção de recuperação e, ANOVA para medidas repetidas com pós-teste de Tukey para Salto vertical e CIVM. Foi estabelecido o nível de significância de p<0,05 para todas as análises. Resultados: Observou-se que a EMI apresentou melhora antecipada dos níveis de dor e percepção de recuperação (min 12) em relação ao momento imediatamente após exercício (IAE), enquanto que o PE e EMT se recuperaram a partir de 60 minutos. A EMI apresentou efeito protetor sobre o desempenho do salto vertical, enquanto que PE e EMT levaram a redução significante de seu desempenho. Os cenários PE, EMI e EMT levaram a diminuição significante da CIVM em relação ao CO, sem diferença significante para os testes de 1RM e potência na barra guiada. Em relação a [Lac], os cenários PE, EMI e EMT apresentaram o mesmo comportamento, sem diferença entre grupos, com recuperação ao estado basal a partir do minuto 90. Conclusão: A massagem realizada imediatamente após o término do exercício físico apresentou melhora antecipada da dor e da percepção de recuperação, e a manutenção/proteção do desempenho do salto vertical. Independente do momento de aplicação da massagem após exercício, esta não alterou significantemente o comportamento a curto prazo das variáveis CIVM/peso, 1RM, potência e [Lac]. Desta forma, pode-se determinar que, para o mecanismo de estresse utilizado neste estudo, a massagem imediata foi uma boa opção quando se objetiva antecipação da melhora da dor e percepção de recuperação, e também a manutenção do desempenho de salto vertical como efeito a curto prazo.
Massage has been shown over the years a recuperative technique widely used in sports. Studies demonstrate divergent results of the technique in terms of recovery of functional, clinical and metabolic performance after exercise. The wide methodological variety of these studies, as in relation to the moment of massage application, may be a possible justification for such a scenario. Thus, the study investigating the effects of massage applied at different moments of post-exercise recovery deserves to be highlighted. Objectives: To analyze the behavior of the effects of massage on clinical, metabolic and functional variables in different scenarios: i) under no stress or massage application; ii) after massage; iii) after exhaustion protocol; iv) after the immediate application of post-exercise massage; v) after application of the massage 1hour post-exercise. Method: This was a randomized cross-over clinical trial in which 24 participants had their clinical, functional and metabolic outcome data analyzed under different scenarios: i) control scenario (CO): basal condition (under no stress or massage application); ii) Massage (MA): after receiving the massage; iii) Exhaustion protocol (PE): after protocol of exhaustion; iv) PE + immediate massage (EMI): after the protocol of exhaustion followed immediately by massage; iv) PE + delayed massage (EMT): after the protocol of exhaustion and massage received 1h after its end. The exhaustion protocol used consisted of 10 series of 10 jumps and one Wingate test and the manual massage protocol was composed of 12 minutes of massage, 3 minutes for the anterior region of the thigh of each lower limb and 6 minutes to the dorsal trunk. The variables studied were: muscle soreness, perceived recovery, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), strength and power in the guided bar, vertical jump and blood lactate concentration [Lac]. The sphericity of the data was tested by the Mauchly’s test. In case of breach of the sphericity assumption, Greenhouse-Geisser corrections were used. Effect size was calculated using partial eta-square (η²) and interpreted as small (≥0.01), moderate (≥0.06) or large (≥0.14). When identified a large effect size, was used the Friedman’s test with post-hoc Bonferroni test, for soreness and perceived recovery, and Repeated Measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test for vertical jump and MVIC. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: It was observed that EMI showed an early improvement in muscle soreness and perceived recovery (min 12) in relation to the moment immediately after exercise (IAE), while PE and EMT recovered after 60 minutes. The EMI presented a protective effect on vertical jump performance, whereas PE and EMT led to a significant reduction in its performance. The PE, EMI and EMT scenarios led to a significant reduction of the MVIC in relation to the CO, with no significant difference for the strength and power tests in the guided bar. Regarding [Lac], both PE, EMI and EMT presented similar behavior, with no difference between groups. Conclusion: The massage performed immediately after the end of the physical exercise showed an early improvement of the pain and perceived recovery, and the maintenance / protection of vertical jump performance. Regardless of the moment of application of the massage after exercise, it did not significantly alter the short-term behavior of the variables MVIC / weight, 1RM, power and [Lac]. Thus, it can be determined that, for the stress mechanism used in this study, immediate massage is a good option when it is aimed at anticipating improvement of muscle soreness and perceived recovery, as well as the maintenance of vertical jump performance in the short term.
Massage has been shown over the years a recuperative technique widely used in sports. Studies demonstrate divergent results of the technique in terms of recovery of functional, clinical and metabolic performance after exercise. The wide methodological variety of these studies, as in relation to the moment of massage application, may be a possible justification for such a scenario. Thus, the study investigating the effects of massage applied at different moments of post-exercise recovery deserves to be highlighted. Objectives: To analyze the behavior of the effects of massage on clinical, metabolic and functional variables in different scenarios: i) under no stress or massage application; ii) after massage; iii) after exhaustion protocol; iv) after the immediate application of post-exercise massage; v) after application of the massage 1hour post-exercise. Method: This was a randomized cross-over clinical trial in which 24 participants had their clinical, functional and metabolic outcome data analyzed under different scenarios: i) control scenario (CO): basal condition (under no stress or massage application); ii) Massage (MA): after receiving the massage; iii) Exhaustion protocol (PE): after protocol of exhaustion; iv) PE + immediate massage (EMI): after the protocol of exhaustion followed immediately by massage; iv) PE + delayed massage (EMT): after the protocol of exhaustion and massage received 1h after its end. The exhaustion protocol used consisted of 10 series of 10 jumps and one Wingate test and the manual massage protocol was composed of 12 minutes of massage, 3 minutes for the anterior region of the thigh of each lower limb and 6 minutes to the dorsal trunk. The variables studied were: muscle soreness, perceived recovery, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), strength and power in the guided bar, vertical jump and blood lactate concentration [Lac]. The sphericity of the data was tested by the Mauchly’s test. In case of breach of the sphericity assumption, Greenhouse-Geisser corrections were used. Effect size was calculated using partial eta-square (η²) and interpreted as small (≥0.01), moderate (≥0.06) or large (≥0.14). When identified a large effect size, was used the Friedman’s test with post-hoc Bonferroni test, for soreness and perceived recovery, and Repeated Measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test for vertical jump and MVIC. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: It was observed that EMI showed an early improvement in muscle soreness and perceived recovery (min 12) in relation to the moment immediately after exercise (IAE), while PE and EMT recovered after 60 minutes. The EMI presented a protective effect on vertical jump performance, whereas PE and EMT led to a significant reduction in its performance. The PE, EMI and EMT scenarios led to a significant reduction of the MVIC in relation to the CO, with no significant difference for the strength and power tests in the guided bar. Regarding [Lac], both PE, EMI and EMT presented similar behavior, with no difference between groups. Conclusion: The massage performed immediately after the end of the physical exercise showed an early improvement of the pain and perceived recovery, and the maintenance / protection of vertical jump performance. Regardless of the moment of application of the massage after exercise, it did not significantly alter the short-term behavior of the variables MVIC / weight, 1RM, power and [Lac]. Thus, it can be determined that, for the stress mechanism used in this study, immediate massage is a good option when it is aimed at anticipating improvement of muscle soreness and perceived recovery, as well as the maintenance of vertical jump performance in the short term.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercício, Massagem, Recuperação pós-esforço, Desempenho atlético, Exercise, Massage, Athletic performance, Post-exercise recovery