Educação em direitos humanos: concepções de professores(as) de educação infantil
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Maciel, Talita Santana [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação aborda a temática educação em direitos humanos, sob a ótica de que, devido ao contexto de exclusão e marginalização ocasionado pela ideologia neoliberal que orienta hoje a organização da sociedade, e devido às violações recorrentes aos direitos humanos, uma educação voltada para a concretização de uma cultura dos direitos humanos se faz necessária. Partiu-se de duas premissas: a escola de Educação Infantil, por ser o local de realização da primeira etapa da Educação Básica e o primeiro ambiente, depois do seio familiar, em que a criança estabelece relações sociais, é ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento de ações pedagógicas que trabalhem os valores fundamentais da educação em direitos humanos, bem como o caráter político que caracteriza tal educação; ademais, o(a) professor(a), enquanto mediador(a) das diversas relações que ocorrem no espaço escolar, é uma figura de extrema importância no processo educacional que procura desenvolver-se na perspectiva dos direitos humanos. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em verificar quais as concepções de professores(as) de Educação Infantil acerca da educação em direitos humanos em uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Marília, e discuti-las a partir das bases presentes nos documentos nacionais que orientam a educação em direitos humanos. Os seguintes questionamentos guiaram o processo de investigação: quais as concepções acerca da educação em direitos humanos que possuem professores(as) de Educação Infantil, em uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Marília? Tais concepções vão ao encontro das propostas e políticas para a educação em direitos humanos presentes em documentos oficiais e na bibliografia selecionada? No que concerne aos procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se, portanto, pesquisa de campo, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A entrevista semiestruturada e a técnica de análise de conteúdo nortearam, respectivamente, a coleta e a análise dos dados. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que as noções de direitos humanos que possuem o professor e as professoras que constituíram o quadro de sujeitos desta pesquisa, relacionam-se a questões político-sociais, além de apontarem para a dimensão da formação ética e referenciarem um processo errôneo de reconhecimento dos direitos humanos como direitos que não deveriam proteger a todos e todas. Concluiu-se que, de maneira geral, as concepções de direitos humanos, democracia e cidadania das profissionais e do profissional entrevistadas(o) estão permeadas pelo discurso neoliberal, no qual os direitos humanos confundem-se com os próprios direitos; a democracia limita-se ao modelo de representação e a cidadania aproxima-se mais da ótica passiva do que da ativa. Pode-se considerar, por fim, que, embora haja reconhecimento, por parte dos sujeitos da pesquisa, da importância de um trabalho pedagógico que contemple os direitos humanos, as concepções acerca da educação em direitos humanos proferidas por eles distanciam-se da bibliografia selecionada e do discurso oficial presente no Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos e nas Diretrizes Nacionais para a Educação em Direitos Humanos.
This dissertation deals with the theme of human rights education, considering that, due to the context of exclusion and marginalization caused by the neoliberal ideology that today guides the organization of society, and due to the recurrent violations of human rights, an education turned to realization of a human rights culture is necessary. It was based on two premises: the Preschool, because it is the place where the first stage of Basic Education takes place and the first environment, after the family environment, in which the child establishes social relations, is an environment conducive to the development of pedagogical actions that work the fundamental values of education in human rights, as well as the political character that characterizes such education; in addition, the teacher, as mediator of the various relationships that occur in the school space, is a figure of extreme importance in the educational process that seeks to develop in the perspective of human rights. Thus, the general objective of this research was to verify the conceptions of Preschool teachers about human rights education in a municipal public school in the city of Marília, and to discuss them from the bases present in the national documents that guides the human rights education. The following questions guided the research process: what are the conceptions about human rights education that have Preschool teachers in a municipal public school in the city of Marília? Do such conceptions meet the proposals and policies for human rights education that contains in official documents and the selected bibliography? What that refers to methodological procedures was made a field research, bibliographical and documentary research. The semistructured interview and the technique of content analysis guided, respectively, the data collection and analysis. The results of the study indicated that the notions of human rights that have the teachers who constituted the framework of subjects of this research, relate to socio-political issues, besides pointing to the dimension of ethical formation, and referencing an erroneous process recognition of human rights as rights that should not protect everyone. It was concluded that, in a general way, the conceptions of human rights, democracy and citizenship of the professionals interviewed are permeated by neoliberal discourse, in which human rights are confused with the rights themselves; the democracy is limited to the model of representation, and the citizenship is closer to the passive than to the active. Finally, it can be considered that, although there is recognition by the research subjects of the importance of a pedagogical work that contemplates human rights, the conceptions about human rights education said by them grow up the distance from the selected bibliography and of the official discourse present in the National Human Rights Education Plan and the National Guidelines for Human Rights Education.
This dissertation deals with the theme of human rights education, considering that, due to the context of exclusion and marginalization caused by the neoliberal ideology that today guides the organization of society, and due to the recurrent violations of human rights, an education turned to realization of a human rights culture is necessary. It was based on two premises: the Preschool, because it is the place where the first stage of Basic Education takes place and the first environment, after the family environment, in which the child establishes social relations, is an environment conducive to the development of pedagogical actions that work the fundamental values of education in human rights, as well as the political character that characterizes such education; in addition, the teacher, as mediator of the various relationships that occur in the school space, is a figure of extreme importance in the educational process that seeks to develop in the perspective of human rights. Thus, the general objective of this research was to verify the conceptions of Preschool teachers about human rights education in a municipal public school in the city of Marília, and to discuss them from the bases present in the national documents that guides the human rights education. The following questions guided the research process: what are the conceptions about human rights education that have Preschool teachers in a municipal public school in the city of Marília? Do such conceptions meet the proposals and policies for human rights education that contains in official documents and the selected bibliography? What that refers to methodological procedures was made a field research, bibliographical and documentary research. The semistructured interview and the technique of content analysis guided, respectively, the data collection and analysis. The results of the study indicated that the notions of human rights that have the teachers who constituted the framework of subjects of this research, relate to socio-political issues, besides pointing to the dimension of ethical formation, and referencing an erroneous process recognition of human rights as rights that should not protect everyone. It was concluded that, in a general way, the conceptions of human rights, democracy and citizenship of the professionals interviewed are permeated by neoliberal discourse, in which human rights are confused with the rights themselves; the democracy is limited to the model of representation, and the citizenship is closer to the passive than to the active. Finally, it can be considered that, although there is recognition by the research subjects of the importance of a pedagogical work that contemplates human rights, the conceptions about human rights education said by them grow up the distance from the selected bibliography and of the official discourse present in the National Human Rights Education Plan and the National Guidelines for Human Rights Education.
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Palavras-chave
Educação em direitos humanos, Professor(a), Educação infantil, Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos (PNEDH), Diretrizes Nacionais para a Educação em Direitos Humanos (DNEDH), Human rights education, Teacher, Preschool, National human rights education plan, National guidelines for human rights education