A influência da condição física em idosos com classificação andróide ou ginóide para ocorrência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares.
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Data
2018-01-29
Autores
Iwamoto, Juliana Marques
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A população idosa vem crescendo significativamente, sendo que o Brasil, até 2025, será o sexto país com maior número de idosos no mundo (OMS, 2002). Alguns fatores de risco para as DCV são facilmente encontrados nesta população, tais como: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), diabetes, dislipidemia, obesidade, sedentarismo, entre outros (Zago, 2010; Corral et al., 2010). Dentre estes fatores, a obesidade se destaca pela alta prevalência. O aumento da adiposidade e o aumento de risco de comorbidades podem estar associados com a distribuição de gordura corporal. O acúmulo de gordura andróide (abdominal) tem sido relacionado com doenças cardiovasculares, alteração do perfil lipídico, enquanto a gordura ginóide (quadril) parece exercer papel protetor para o idoso, estando menos associada a risco cardiometabólico. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o perfil de risco cardiovascular de idosos com distribuição de gordura corporal andróide ou ginóide e, verificar qual é a influência do nível de condicionamento físico nesta relação. A amostra foi composta por 93 participantes, oriundos do projeto de extensão da UNESP-Bauru, com idade entre 60 a 83 anos. O estudo de corte transversal faz parte de um projeto maior intitulado: “Condicionamento físico como marcador de qualidade de vida em adultos e idosos”. Os participantes realizaram avaliações de aptidão funcional (VO2max e AAHPERD), perfil lipídico (colesterol total, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglicerídeos e glicemia), composição corporal (DEXA e IMC) e hemodinâmica (PAD e PAS). Os participantes foram divididos de acordo com sexo e distribuição de gordura corporal (ginóide ou andróide). Os achados deste estudo apontam que a distribuição de gordura andróide pode resultar em alterações dos fatores de risco principalmente do perfil lipídico e aumento da porcentagem de gordura, principalmente em mulheres. Em relação ao nível de condicionamento físico, tanto no grupo ginóide como andróide, baixo nível de condicionamento físico pode se relacionar com alterações do perfil lipídico, em mulheres idosas.
The elderly population is growing significantly, and Brazil, by 2025, will be the sixth country with the largest number of elderly people in the world (WHO, 2002). Some risk factors for CVD are easily found in this population, such as: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, among others (Zago, 2010; Corral et al., 2010). Among these factors, obesity stands out for its high prevalence. Increased adiposity and increased risk of comorbidities may be associated with the distribution of body fat. The accumulation of android (abdominal) fat has been related to cardiovascular diseases, alteration of the lipid profile, while gynoid (hip) fat seems to play a protective role for the elderly, being less associated with risk cardiometabolic. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk profile of elderly individuals with android or gynoid body fat distribution and to verify the influence of the level of physical conditioning in this relation. The sample was composed of 93 participants, from the extension project of UNESP-Bauru, aged between 60 and 83 years. The cross-sectional study is part of a larger project titled: "Physical conditioning as a marker of quality of life in adults and the elderly". Participants performed functional fitness assessments (VO2max and AAHPERD), lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides and blood glucose), body composition (DEXA and BMI) and hemodynamics (DBP and SBP). Participants were divided according to sex and distribution of body fat (gynoid or android). The findings of this study indicate that the distribution of android fat can result in changes in risk factors, mainly in the lipid profile and increase in fat percentage, especially in women. Regarding the level of physical fitness, both in the gynoid and android groups, low level of physical fitness may be related to changes in the lipid profile in elderly women.
The elderly population is growing significantly, and Brazil, by 2025, will be the sixth country with the largest number of elderly people in the world (WHO, 2002). Some risk factors for CVD are easily found in this population, such as: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, among others (Zago, 2010; Corral et al., 2010). Among these factors, obesity stands out for its high prevalence. Increased adiposity and increased risk of comorbidities may be associated with the distribution of body fat. The accumulation of android (abdominal) fat has been related to cardiovascular diseases, alteration of the lipid profile, while gynoid (hip) fat seems to play a protective role for the elderly, being less associated with risk cardiometabolic. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk profile of elderly individuals with android or gynoid body fat distribution and to verify the influence of the level of physical conditioning in this relation. The sample was composed of 93 participants, from the extension project of UNESP-Bauru, aged between 60 and 83 years. The cross-sectional study is part of a larger project titled: "Physical conditioning as a marker of quality of life in adults and the elderly". Participants performed functional fitness assessments (VO2max and AAHPERD), lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides and blood glucose), body composition (DEXA and BMI) and hemodynamics (DBP and SBP). Participants were divided according to sex and distribution of body fat (gynoid or android). The findings of this study indicate that the distribution of android fat can result in changes in risk factors, mainly in the lipid profile and increase in fat percentage, especially in women. Regarding the level of physical fitness, both in the gynoid and android groups, low level of physical fitness may be related to changes in the lipid profile in elderly women.
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Palavras-chave
Androide, Ginóide, Gordura corporal, Idoso, Android, Gynoid, Body fat, Elderly