Aplicação da análise dimensional em indicadores ambientais de áreas degradadas pela exploração de cassiterita
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Data
2018-03-05
Autores
Fengler, Felipe Hashimoto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável há um paradigma crítico, que retrata a relação entre o capital e a degradação ambiental. Conforme aumenta o cunho socioeconômico de determinada atividade, maior é a permissibilidade da sociedade aos seus efeitos ambientais negativos, sobretudo quando são apenas sentidos em nível local. Porém, após um passado de exemplos adversos, a meta por um estado de equilíbrio tem adquiro notoriedade em busca de uma nova perspectiva de desenvolvimento. Quando atividades de grande relevância, como a mineração, resultam em elevado grau de alteração do meio, há expectativa da sociedade quanto à mitigação ou compensação dos seus efeitos negativos, principalmente quando ecossistemas sensíveis são afetados. Porém, a complexidade ambiental dificulta a mensuração da extensão dos danos ambientais, bem como a efetividade de ações de recuperação. Nesse contexto se insere o presente estudo. Buscaram-se métricas e métodos compreensivos para a avaliação de florestas em recuperação em áreas minerarias na Amazônia brasileira. A técnica de modelagem com Análise Dimensional foi empregada de maneira a estabelecer índices adimensionais voltados à avaliação desses ambientes. Variáveis relacionadas ao desenvolvimento florestal, fauna, além das condições físicas, químicas e bioquímicas do solo foram empregadas, utilizando a priori o processo de conhecimento por descoberta em banco de dados em sua seleção. Dois estudos preliminares a Análise Dimensional foram realizados, fornecendo suporte para escolha das variáveis e entendimento da representatividade dos índices adimensionais obtidos. Como resultado uma proposta metodológica foi apresentada, para avaliação da condição fitossociológica de ambientes em recuperação em comparação ao ecossistema de referência. O grau de alteração do solo se mostrou como um dos fatores condicionantes, destacando a importância das ações iniciais de preparo, preliminarmente ao plantio. A análise dimensional se revelou como uma abordagem promissora, possibilitando sintetizar, representar e comparar as condições ambientais dos locais minerados e do ecossistema de referência. Porém, três índices assumiram um papel protagonista, com representação sistêmica do processo de recuperação ambiental, o primeiro expresso pela relação entre duas variáveis bioquímicas do solo, a respiração basal e atividade celulase (Pi2); o segundo (Pi8) obtido através de variáveis biológicas da fauna e da flora; e o terceiro (Pi10), integrando variáveis do solo, da fauna e da flora. Os resultados obtidos permitiram condensar avanços conceituais e metodológicos nesse documento, estruturando uma base para elaboração de propostas de avaliação de ecossistemas alterados e estabelecimentos de padrões de qualidade com base no ecossistema de referência Amazônico.
There is a critical paradigm that portrays the sustainable development, the relationship between the capital and the environmental degradation. As the socioeconomic importance of a given activity increases, the greater will be the permissibility of society to its negative impacts, especially when they are only sensed at the local level. However, after several adverse examples in history, the aim for a state of equilibrium has acquired notoriety for a new perspective of development. When an activity of great relevance, as mining, results in high environmental alteration, there is an expectation of mitigation, or compensation, on its negative effects, especially when vulnerable ecosystems were affected. However, the environmental complexity not always allows a full comprehension of environmental damage, as well as the effectiveness of recovery actions in their reversal. This study aimed to search for comprehensive metrics and methods to evaluate of mined forests of Brazilian Amazonia. Dimensional Analysis was employed in establishing dimensionless index related to the environmental quality of the mined forests. Variables of forest development, fauna, and physical, chemical and biochemical conditions of the soil were employed, based on knowledge discovery in databases in its selection. Two preliminary studies to Dimensional Analysis were carried out, supporting the choice of variables and the further understanding about obtained dimensionless index. As a result, a methodological proposal was presented to evaluate the phytosociological conditions of recovering environments compared to the reference ecosystem. The degree of soil alteration was shown as a conditioning factor, highlighting the importance of the initial soil preparing actions, preliminary to revegetation. The dimensional analysis proved to be a promising approach, allowing synthesizing, representing and comparing the environmental conditions of the mined sites with the reference ecosystem. However, three indices played a major role, with systemic representation of the environmental recovery process, the first one expressed by the relationship between soil basal respiration and cellulase activity (Pi2), the second (Pi8), obtained through biological variables of fauna and flora; and the third (Pi10), integrating soil, fauna and flora variables. The obtained results allowed to condense conceptual and methodological advances in this document, structuring a basis for elaborating evaluation proposals for altered ecosystems and to establish quality standards, based on the reference ecosystem.
There is a critical paradigm that portrays the sustainable development, the relationship between the capital and the environmental degradation. As the socioeconomic importance of a given activity increases, the greater will be the permissibility of society to its negative impacts, especially when they are only sensed at the local level. However, after several adverse examples in history, the aim for a state of equilibrium has acquired notoriety for a new perspective of development. When an activity of great relevance, as mining, results in high environmental alteration, there is an expectation of mitigation, or compensation, on its negative effects, especially when vulnerable ecosystems were affected. However, the environmental complexity not always allows a full comprehension of environmental damage, as well as the effectiveness of recovery actions in their reversal. This study aimed to search for comprehensive metrics and methods to evaluate of mined forests of Brazilian Amazonia. Dimensional Analysis was employed in establishing dimensionless index related to the environmental quality of the mined forests. Variables of forest development, fauna, and physical, chemical and biochemical conditions of the soil were employed, based on knowledge discovery in databases in its selection. Two preliminary studies to Dimensional Analysis were carried out, supporting the choice of variables and the further understanding about obtained dimensionless index. As a result, a methodological proposal was presented to evaluate the phytosociological conditions of recovering environments compared to the reference ecosystem. The degree of soil alteration was shown as a conditioning factor, highlighting the importance of the initial soil preparing actions, preliminary to revegetation. The dimensional analysis proved to be a promising approach, allowing synthesizing, representing and comparing the environmental conditions of the mined sites with the reference ecosystem. However, three indices played a major role, with systemic representation of the environmental recovery process, the first one expressed by the relationship between soil basal respiration and cellulase activity (Pi2), the second (Pi8), obtained through biological variables of fauna and flora; and the third (Pi10), integrating soil, fauna and flora variables. The obtained results allowed to condense conceptual and methodological advances in this document, structuring a basis for elaborating evaluation proposals for altered ecosystems and to establish quality standards, based on the reference ecosystem.
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Palavras-chave
Qualidade ambiental, Ecossistema de referência, Amazônia, Restauração ecológica, Degradação, Environmental quality, Amazonia, Reference ecosystem, Land degradation, Ecological restoration