Impacto do nível sérico da vancomicina no prognóstico de pacientes sépticos admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Eid, Karina, Zanchetta Cardoso
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A vancomicina é um antiobiótico chave no tratamento de infecções graves por germes gram positivos multirresistentes e deve ser administrada com segurança, buscando minimizar o risco de nefrotoxicidade e garantir a sua eficácia. Entretanto, são escassos os estudos que avaliaram a monitorização de seu nível plasmático e sua associação com desfechos clínicos, como desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda (LRA) e óbito. OBJETIVO: Ao avaliar pacientes com sepse em uso de vancomicina admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência de vancocinemia em níveis adequados, subterapêuticos e tóxicos e o impacto da adequação dos níveis séricos de vancomicina sobre a LRA e mortalidade precoce. METODOLOGIA: Estudo prospectivo observacional do tipo coorte de pacientes em uso de vancomicina admitidos em duas UTIs do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu de 01 de agosto de 2016 a 31 de julho de 2017 de modo diário e ininterrupto. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 189 pacientes, dos quais foram incluídos 63. Os principais motivos de admissão na UTI foram afecções pulmonares (52,4%) e pós-operatório (15,9%). LRA foi diagnosticada em 44,4% dos pacientes, sendo que a maioria foi classificada como LRA KDIGO III (46,4%). Os pacientes que desenvolveram LRA apresentaram, comparativamente àqueles sem LRA, maiores valores de creatinina basal, maior uso de diurético e de droga vasoativa e maior porcentagem de nível sérico tóxico. A regressão logística mostrou que o maior nível de vancocinemia entre os 2° e 4° dias foi preditor de LRA, antecedendo seu diagnóstico em pelo menos 48 horas (OR= 1,139, IC: 1,027-1,264, p = 0,01). A taxa de óbito foi de 46% e as variáveis idades, número de ajustes, níveis subterapêuticos e maiores níveis de vancocinemia entre os 2° e 4° dias de tratamento foram identificados como fatores de risco para óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Tanto os níveis subterapêuticos como os tóxicos de vancocinemia estão associados com os desfechos desfavoráveis LRA e óbito.
Vancomycin is a key antiobiotic in the treatment of severe infections caused by multiresistant gram-positive germs and should be administered safely in order to minimize the risk for nephrotoxicity and ensure its efficacy. However, there are few studies evaluating the monitoring of its plasma level and its association with clinical outcomes, such as the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and death. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vancocinemia at appropriate levels, subtherapeutic and toxic levels, and the impact of the adequacy of vancomycin levels on the AKI and early mortality. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study of vancomycin patients admitted to two intensive care units of the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School from August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2017 in a daily and uninterrupted manner. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were evaluated and 63 were included. The main reasons for admission to the ICU were pulmonary (52.4%) and postoperative (15.9%) conditions. AKI was diagnosed in 44.4% of the patients, most of them were classified as AKI KDIGO III (46.4%). Patients who developed AKI showed higher values of baseline creatinine, greater use of diuretics and vasoactive drugs, and a higher percentage of toxic serum levels compared to those without AKI. Logistic regression showed that the highest level of vancocinemia between the 2nd and 4th days was predictor of AKI, preceding its diagnosis in at least 48 hours (OR= 1,139, IC: 1,027-1,264, p = 0,01). The death rate was 46% and the variables age, number of adjustments, subtherapeutic levels and higher levels of vancocinemia between the 2nd and 4th days of treatment were identified as risk factors for death. CONCLUSION: Both subtherapeutic and toxic levels of vancocinemia are associated with the unfavorable outcomes AKI and death.
Vancomycin is a key antiobiotic in the treatment of severe infections caused by multiresistant gram-positive germs and should be administered safely in order to minimize the risk for nephrotoxicity and ensure its efficacy. However, there are few studies evaluating the monitoring of its plasma level and its association with clinical outcomes, such as the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and death. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vancocinemia at appropriate levels, subtherapeutic and toxic levels, and the impact of the adequacy of vancomycin levels on the AKI and early mortality. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study of vancomycin patients admitted to two intensive care units of the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School from August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2017 in a daily and uninterrupted manner. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were evaluated and 63 were included. The main reasons for admission to the ICU were pulmonary (52.4%) and postoperative (15.9%) conditions. AKI was diagnosed in 44.4% of the patients, most of them were classified as AKI KDIGO III (46.4%). Patients who developed AKI showed higher values of baseline creatinine, greater use of diuretics and vasoactive drugs, and a higher percentage of toxic serum levels compared to those without AKI. Logistic regression showed that the highest level of vancocinemia between the 2nd and 4th days was predictor of AKI, preceding its diagnosis in at least 48 hours (OR= 1,139, IC: 1,027-1,264, p = 0,01). The death rate was 46% and the variables age, number of adjustments, subtherapeutic levels and higher levels of vancocinemia between the 2nd and 4th days of treatment were identified as risk factors for death. CONCLUSION: Both subtherapeutic and toxic levels of vancocinemia are associated with the unfavorable outcomes AKI and death.
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Palavras-chave
nefrotoxicidade, Vancomicina, Lesão Renal Aguda, septic patients, nephrotoxicity, vancomycin, acute renal injury