Fungos associados à podridão pós-colheita pertencentes à família Botryosphaeriaceae em abacate
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Data
2018-01-18
Autores
Bergamini - Lopes, Marcela Pagoti
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O abacateiro (Persea americana) é uma cultura de importância crescente no Brasil devido ao aumento da sua produção e exportação. A podridão pós-colheita é um dos problemas que afetam essa cultura devido à depreciação que causa no fruto. Essa doença é causada por diversos fungos e dentre eles se encontram espécies pertencentes à família Botryosphaeriaceae. Por isso, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae associadas à podridão pós-colheita em abacates provenientes do Estado de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. A partir de quarenta isolados obtidos foram realizadas caracterizações: cultural, morfológica, patogênica e filogenética. O crescimento micelial se deu sob temperatura de 25ºC e apresentou diferenças significativas na taxa de velocidade de crescimento, porém não houve associação com a diferença entre as espécies avaliadas. O mesmo aconteceu nos testes de patogenicidade, onde micélios de Neofusicoccum foram inoculados em frutos de abacate que foram mantidos a 25ºC. As avaliações morfológicas realizadas a partir de inoculação de micélios em meio MEA e mantidos em condições controladas de luz e temperatura também não apresentaram diferenciação. A caracterização filogenética se deu a partir das regiões ITS (espaçadores internos transcritos) e Alfa elongase (1-α (EF1-α)), sendo identificadas três espécies pertencentes ao gênero Neofusicoccum, sendo trinta e oito isolados de Neofusicoccum parvum, um associado a Neofusicoccum umdonicola e um de Neofusicoccum ribis. Esse é o primeiro relato de N. umdonicola associado a abacate no Brasil.
The avocado (Persea americana) is a culture of growing importance in Brazil due to the increase of its production and export. Post-harvest rot and one of the problems affecting this crop is the discovery it causes in the fruit. This disease is caused by several fungi and among them and other species belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Therefore, the present work was carried out with the objective of identifying Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with post-harvest rot in avocados from the State of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. From forty isolates were obtained characterizations: cultural, morphological, pathogenic and phylogenetic. Mycelial growth occurred at a temperature of 25 ° C and is significant in the rate of growth rate, but is not an association with a difference between the evaluated species. The same happened in the pathogenicity tests, where Neofusicoccum mycelia were inoculated on avocado fruits that were kept at 25ºC. As morphological evaluations performed from the creation of mycelia in MEA medium and kept under controlled conditions of light and temperature also did not present the difference. A phylogenetic characterization was carried out from the ITS (internal transcribed spacers) and Alfa elongase (1-α (EF1-α) regions). Three species belonging to the genus Neofusicoccum were identified, of which thirty eight were Neofusicoccum parvum, one associated with Neofusicoccum umdonicola and one of Neofusicocumum ribis. This is the first report of N. umdonicola associated with avocado in Brazil.
The avocado (Persea americana) is a culture of growing importance in Brazil due to the increase of its production and export. Post-harvest rot and one of the problems affecting this crop is the discovery it causes in the fruit. This disease is caused by several fungi and among them and other species belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Therefore, the present work was carried out with the objective of identifying Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with post-harvest rot in avocados from the State of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. From forty isolates were obtained characterizations: cultural, morphological, pathogenic and phylogenetic. Mycelial growth occurred at a temperature of 25 ° C and is significant in the rate of growth rate, but is not an association with a difference between the evaluated species. The same happened in the pathogenicity tests, where Neofusicoccum mycelia were inoculated on avocado fruits that were kept at 25ºC. As morphological evaluations performed from the creation of mycelia in MEA medium and kept under controlled conditions of light and temperature also did not present the difference. A phylogenetic characterization was carried out from the ITS (internal transcribed spacers) and Alfa elongase (1-α (EF1-α) regions). Three species belonging to the genus Neofusicoccum were identified, of which thirty eight were Neofusicoccum parvum, one associated with Neofusicoccum umdonicola and one of Neofusicocumum ribis. This is the first report of N. umdonicola associated with avocado in Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Neofusicoccum, Abacate, Caracterização, Primeiro relato