Síntese enzimática de aminas quirais via aminação redutiva
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Data
2018-02-19
Autores
Teixeira, Iris dos Santos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As transaminases são enzimas dependentes de piridoxal-5-fosfato (PLP) que catalisam a transferência de grupos amino para aldeídos e/ou cetonas. Quando as cetonas utilizadas são pró-quirais, elas produzem aminas oticamente ativas por meio de síntese assimétrica. Nesse trabalho foram estudadas as sínteses assimétricas de aminas primárias, a partir de cetonas proquirais. Cinco diferentes substratos foram avaliados perante alguns biocatalisadores contendo transaminases, entre eles enzimas comercias, micro-organismos da Coleção Microbiana do Milagre Research Group e enzimas selvagens expressas heterologamente em E. coli. As enzimas comerciais foram empregadas na otimização das condições reacionais e avaliação dos substratos, com conversões e ee maiores que 99%, para dois dos substratos estudados. Os dois micro-organismos selvagens avaliados não foram capazes de realizar a reação de síntese assimétrica de aminas. Entretanto, observou-se a ação de enzimas ene-redutases no micro-organismo MLH 51, e de cetoredutases em ambos. As conversões, apesar de modestas, possuíram bons excessos enantioméricos (78-98%). Por fim, os as enzimas expressas heterologamente em E. coli apresentaram potencial para a aminação redutiva de substratos contendo anéis heterocíclicos e estruturas planares. Embora os valores de conversão observados não sejam ainda satisfatórios, os excessos enantioméricos obtidos quando usadas essas enzimas foram de bons a excelentes (84 a >99%). Com os substratos estudados foi possível avaliar a classe de compostos adequados para as transaminases, sendo que a presença de um grupo éter mostrou-se ligada a melhores valores de conversão quando usada essa classe de enzima.
Transaminases are pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes that catalyse the transfer of an amino group from an amino donor to an aldehyde and/or ketone. When the starting ketones are prochiral, they produce optically active amines by asymmetric synthesis. In this work the asymmetric synthesis of primary amines was studied from prochiral ketones. Five different substrates were evaluated towards some biocatalysts containing transaminases, among them commercial enzymes, microorganisms from the Microbial Collection of the Milagre Research Group and wild enzymes expressed heterologously in E. coli. Commercial enzymes were employed in the optimization of the reaction conditions and evaluation of the substrates, with conversions and ee higher than 99%, for two of the evaluated substrates. The two wild-type microorganisms evaluated were not able to perform the reductive amination reaction. However, the action of ene-reductase enzymes in the microorganism MLH 51 and ketoredutases in both were observed. Conversions, although modest, had good enantiomeric excesses (78-98%). Finally, enzymes expressed heterologously in E. coli presented potential for reductive amination of substrates containing heterocyclic rings and planar structures. Although the observed conversion values are still not satisfactory, the enantiomeric excesses obtained when using these enzymes were great to excellent (84 to >99%). With the substrates studied, it was possible to evaluate the class of compounds suitable for the transaminases, and the presence of an ether group was shown to be bound to better conversion values when this class of enzyme was used.
Transaminases are pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes that catalyse the transfer of an amino group from an amino donor to an aldehyde and/or ketone. When the starting ketones are prochiral, they produce optically active amines by asymmetric synthesis. In this work the asymmetric synthesis of primary amines was studied from prochiral ketones. Five different substrates were evaluated towards some biocatalysts containing transaminases, among them commercial enzymes, microorganisms from the Microbial Collection of the Milagre Research Group and wild enzymes expressed heterologously in E. coli. Commercial enzymes were employed in the optimization of the reaction conditions and evaluation of the substrates, with conversions and ee higher than 99%, for two of the evaluated substrates. The two wild-type microorganisms evaluated were not able to perform the reductive amination reaction. However, the action of ene-reductase enzymes in the microorganism MLH 51 and ketoredutases in both were observed. Conversions, although modest, had good enantiomeric excesses (78-98%). Finally, enzymes expressed heterologously in E. coli presented potential for reductive amination of substrates containing heterocyclic rings and planar structures. Although the observed conversion values are still not satisfactory, the enantiomeric excesses obtained when using these enzymes were great to excellent (84 to >99%). With the substrates studied, it was possible to evaluate the class of compounds suitable for the transaminases, and the presence of an ether group was shown to be bound to better conversion values when this class of enzyme was used.
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Palavras-chave
Biocatálise, Transaminases, Aminas quirais