Estudos da influência das interações metal-suporte no mecanismo de reação de oxidação de etanol em nanopartículas de Pd
Carregando...
Data
2018-02-22
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo da influência na oxidação de etanol da adição de óxido de estanho dopado com antimônio (Sb2O5/SnO2 – ATO) em diferentes proporções ao suporte de nanopartículas de Pd. O método de síntese utilizado foi o método de transferência de fases e as nanopartículas foram suportadas sobre uma mistura C-óxido. Os materiais foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), espectroscopia de absorção de raios X (XAS) e espectroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios X (XPS). As áreas ativas de Pd foram determinadas a partir da carga de redução de uma monocamada de PdO obtida a partir de curvas de voltametria cíclica. A caracterização eletroquímica foi feita por voltametria cíclica em meio alcalino e a atividade catalítica para a oxidação eletroquímica de etanol foi avaliada por cronoamperometria em solução alcalina contendo o álcool. Medidas espectro-eletroquímicas (FTIR) foram realizadas a fim de determinar os produtos e intermediários de reação para a oxidação do etanol em diferentes potenciais. De forma geral, observou-se que o método de transferência de fases é um bom método para a síntese das nanopartículas de Pd, uma vez que as imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostraram partículas de Pd homogeneamente distribuídas e com estreita faixa de tamanhos. Observou-se que a adição de ATO ao suporte promove mudanças no preenchimento da banda 4d do Pd, mas sem que haja variações na proporção de Pd0 e óxidos de Pd ou qualquer deslocamento na energia de ligação dos sinais de Pd 3d nos espectros de XPS. Além disso, os resultados evidenciam que a densidade de corrente de oxidação de etanol tem uma forte correlação com a ocupação eletrônica da banda 4d do Pd. A análise dos espectros de FTIR mostrou que a adição de ATO ao suporte das nanopartículas de Pd leva à formação de CO32-/CO2 em potenciais mais baixos do que para o material de referência Pd/C. O estudo também mostrou um decaimento da atividade catalítica para conteúdo de óxido no suporte acima de 40% e quando as nanopartículas foram suportadas diretamente sobre ATO. Os resultados dos estudos realizados para catalisadores Pd/C-ATO foram comparados com dados obtidos para nanopartículas de Pd suportadas em misturas C-TiO2. A adição de TiO2 mostrou efeitos similares aos do ATO nas propriedades eletrônicas do Pd e nos espectros de XPS para Pd 3d. A atividade catalítica para a oxidação de etanol dos materiais Pd/C-TiO2 mostrou tendências similares às observadas para os catalisadores contendo ATO, mas nos espectros de FTIR não foi observada formação de CO2.
In this work, a study of the influence on ethanol oxidation of the addition of different amounts of antimony tin oxide (Sb2O5/SnO2 ATO) to the support of Pd nanoparticles was performed. The synthesis procedure used was the phase transfer method and the nanoparticles were supported on a C-oxide mixture. Materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Pd active areas were determined from the reduction charge of a PdO monolayer obtained from cyclic voltammetric curves. The electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry in alkaline medium and the catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol was evaluated by chronoamperometry in alkaline solution containing alcohol. Spectro-electrochemical measurements (FTIR) were also performed in order to determine the products and reaction intermediates for the oxidation of ethanol at different potentials. In general, it was observed that the phase transfer method is a good procedure for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles, for which transmission electron microscopy images showed homogeneously distributed Pd particles having a narrow range of sizes. It was observed that ATO addition to the support promotes changes in the occupation of the Pd 4d band, without variations in the proportion of Pd0 and Pd oxides or shift in binding energy of XPS Pd 3d signals. Furthermore, results evidenced that the ethanol oxidation current density has a strong correlation with the electronic occupation of the Pd 4d band. The analysis of FTIR spectra showed that the addition of ATO to the support of Pd nanoparticles lead to the formation of CO32-/CO2 at lower potentials than on the Pd/C reference material. This study also showed a decrease of catalytic activity for ATO contents above 40% and for Pd particles supported directly on ATO. The results of the studies carried out for Pd/C-ATO catalysts were compared with data obtained for Pd nanoparticles supported on C-TiO2 mixtures. TiO2 addition showed similar effects to those of ATO on the electronic properties of Pd and on XPD Pd 3d spectra. The catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation of Pd/C-TiO2 materials showed trends similar to those observed for catalysts containing ATO, but no formation of CO2 was observed in the FTIR spectra.
In this work, a study of the influence on ethanol oxidation of the addition of different amounts of antimony tin oxide (Sb2O5/SnO2 ATO) to the support of Pd nanoparticles was performed. The synthesis procedure used was the phase transfer method and the nanoparticles were supported on a C-oxide mixture. Materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Pd active areas were determined from the reduction charge of a PdO monolayer obtained from cyclic voltammetric curves. The electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry in alkaline medium and the catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol was evaluated by chronoamperometry in alkaline solution containing alcohol. Spectro-electrochemical measurements (FTIR) were also performed in order to determine the products and reaction intermediates for the oxidation of ethanol at different potentials. In general, it was observed that the phase transfer method is a good procedure for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles, for which transmission electron microscopy images showed homogeneously distributed Pd particles having a narrow range of sizes. It was observed that ATO addition to the support promotes changes in the occupation of the Pd 4d band, without variations in the proportion of Pd0 and Pd oxides or shift in binding energy of XPS Pd 3d signals. Furthermore, results evidenced that the ethanol oxidation current density has a strong correlation with the electronic occupation of the Pd 4d band. The analysis of FTIR spectra showed that the addition of ATO to the support of Pd nanoparticles lead to the formation of CO32-/CO2 at lower potentials than on the Pd/C reference material. This study also showed a decrease of catalytic activity for ATO contents above 40% and for Pd particles supported directly on ATO. The results of the studies carried out for Pd/C-ATO catalysts were compared with data obtained for Pd nanoparticles supported on C-TiO2 mixtures. TiO2 addition showed similar effects to those of ATO on the electronic properties of Pd and on XPD Pd 3d spectra. The catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation of Pd/C-TiO2 materials showed trends similar to those observed for catalysts containing ATO, but no formation of CO2 was observed in the FTIR spectra.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Catalisadores de paládio, Etanol, Semicondutores dopados, Células à combustível, Eletrocatálise