Análise funcional e evolutiva do cromossomo B em Astyanax paranae (Characiformes, Characidae)
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Data
2018-02-26
Autores
Silva, Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Cerca de 15% dos organismos eucariotos possuem elementos genômicos adicionais dispensáveis chamados cromossomos B. Na maioria dos casos a composição e os efeitos da presença destes cromossomos é desconhecida. Estes elementos estão presentes em diversas espécies de peixes do gênero Astyanax. Assim, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram caracterizar a composição do cromossomo B de A. paranae, bem como os efeitos da presença deste cromossomo nesta espécie e sua relação com cromossomos B de espécies próximas. Foram identificados sete genes codificadores de proteínas no cromossomo B de A. paranae, dos quais quatro mostraram expressão diferencial nos ovários de fêmeas 0B e 1B. Além disto, quatro destes genes estão presentes nos cromossomos B de A. fasciatus e de A. bockmanni. Desta forma, nós concluímos que o cromossomo B de A. paranae interfere na expressão dos genes que carrega em seu próprio benefício e possui uma origem comum com cromossomos B encontrados em outras espécies de Astyanax. Além deste objetivo principal do trabalho, também foi realizada uma análise do DNA mitocondrial de A. paranae e, por extensão, dos vertebrados em geral. Esta análise revelou inicialmente que o conteúdo de bases do DNA mitocondrial dos vertebrados tende a um padrão comum. Adicionalmente, foi possível distinguir grupos entre as classes de vertebrados com conteúdos semelhantes na composição de bases do DNA mitocondrial, indicando que a evolução do DNA destas organelas poderia estar relacionada às características biológicas de cada grupo, como modo de respiração, ocupação do meio terrestre ou aquático, modo de vida em água doce ou salgada e taxa metabólica dos organismos.
About 15% of eukaryotic organisms have additional and dispensable genomic elements called B chromosomes. In most cases the composition and effects of the presence of these chromosomes is unknown. These elements are present in several species of fish of the genus Astyanax. Thus, the objectives of the present work were to characterize the composition of the B chromosome of A. paranae, as well as the effects of the presence of this chromosome in this species and its relation with B chromosomes of nearby species. Seven protein-coding genes were identified on the B chromosome of A. paranae, of which four showed differential expression in the ovaries of females 0B and 1B. In addition, five of these genes are present on the B chromosomes of A. fasciatus and A. bockmanni. Thus, we conclude that the B chromosome of A. paranae interferes with the expression of the genes it carries for its own benefit and has a common origin with B chromosomes found in other species of Astyanax. In addition to this main objective of the work, an analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of A. paranae and, by extension, of the vertebrates in general was also performed. This analysis initially revealed that the base content of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA tends to a common pattern, and it was possible to distinguish groups among vertebrate classes with similar contents in mitochondrial DNA bases, indicating that the DNA evolution of these organelles could be related to the biological characteristics of each group, such as the type of respiration, occupation of the terrestrial or aquatic environment, freshwater or salt water livelihood and metabolic rates of organisms.
About 15% of eukaryotic organisms have additional and dispensable genomic elements called B chromosomes. In most cases the composition and effects of the presence of these chromosomes is unknown. These elements are present in several species of fish of the genus Astyanax. Thus, the objectives of the present work were to characterize the composition of the B chromosome of A. paranae, as well as the effects of the presence of this chromosome in this species and its relation with B chromosomes of nearby species. Seven protein-coding genes were identified on the B chromosome of A. paranae, of which four showed differential expression in the ovaries of females 0B and 1B. In addition, five of these genes are present on the B chromosomes of A. fasciatus and A. bockmanni. Thus, we conclude that the B chromosome of A. paranae interferes with the expression of the genes it carries for its own benefit and has a common origin with B chromosomes found in other species of Astyanax. In addition to this main objective of the work, an analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of A. paranae and, by extension, of the vertebrates in general was also performed. This analysis initially revealed that the base content of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA tends to a common pattern, and it was possible to distinguish groups among vertebrate classes with similar contents in mitochondrial DNA bases, indicating that the DNA evolution of these organelles could be related to the biological characteristics of each group, such as the type of respiration, occupation of the terrestrial or aquatic environment, freshwater or salt water livelihood and metabolic rates of organisms.
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Expressão Gênica, Pseudogenes, nusap