Doses e épocas de aplicação de etil-trinexapac em arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Martins, Juliana Trindade
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de reguladores de crescimento como técnica que permite redução na estatura da planta e consequente fortalecimento dos colmos pode ser uma opção para minimizar o acamamento em plantas, evitando assim, perdas na cultura. Assim propôs o estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de etil-trinexapac (zero; 37,5; 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g ha-1 do i.a) e épocas de aplicação (6ª, 7ª e 8ª folha completamente formada no colmo principal) durante o desenvolvimento da cultura do arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, disposto em esquema fatorial 5x3, com quatro repetições. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na área experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira - SP, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS, durante o ano agrícola de 2016/17, utilizando o cultivar BRS Esmeralda. Foram avaliados os componentes de produção, altura de plantas, acamamento, produtividade dos grãos, rendimento industrial e viabilidade econômica. Devido a fatores climáticos como chuvas e ventos fortes as vésperas da colheita, parcelas em que não receberam a aplicação do regulador acamaram totalmente. Aplicações por ocasião da oitava folha além de promover maior número de grãos chochos, as doses de 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g ha-1 propiciam menores valores para altura de plantas, massa de cem grãos, massa hectolítrica, rendimento de benefício e grãos inteiros, reduzindo a produtividade de grãos, e influenciando negativamente na rentabilidade econômica. Conclui-se que o etil-trinexapac deve ser aplicado por ocasião da sétima folha na dose de 75 g ha-1 do i.a., considerando a redução da altura de plantas, minimização do acamamento e a produtividade de grãos. O etil- trinexapac quando aplicado por ocasião da sexta ou sétima folha na dose de 75 g ha-1 do i.a., proporciona maiores valores de receita bruta, lucro operacional e índice de lucratividade, e menores valores para preços de equilíbrio, garantindo maior rentabilidade ao produtor. Não é recomendado aplicações por ocasião da oitava folha nas doses de 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g ha-1, por propiciar efeitos negativos nos componentes de produtividade e não ser rentável economicamente ao produtor.
The use of growth regulators as a technique that allows reduction in plant height and consequent strengthening of the stalks might be an option for elimination of lodging in plants, thus avoiding losses of the crop. However, the information on the subject is still scarce. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses (zero; 37,5; 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g ha-1 of active ingredient) and times of application of ethyl-trinexapac (6th leaf, 7th leaf and 8th leaf completely formed in the main stem) during the development of the upland rice crop irrigated by sprinkler. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, arranged in a 5x3 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. It was developed in the experimental area of Engineering University- UNESP at the Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State, Brazil – Campus, located in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the season of 2016/17, using the cultivar BRS Esmeralda. The components of production, plant height, lodging, grain yield, industrial yield and economic viability were evaluated. Due to climatic factors like rains and strong winds on the eve of the harvest, plots in which they did not receive the application of the regulator completely lodging. Applications for the eighth leaf in addition to promoting higher number of dry grains, the doses of 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 g ha-1 of active ingredient provide lower values for plant height, weight of 100 grains, hectoliter weight, yield of benefit and whole grains, reducing the productivity of grains, and negatively influencing economic profitability. It was observed that ethyl-trinexapac should be applied on the occasion of the seventh leaf at the dose of 75 g ha-1 of active ingredient, considering the reduction of plant height, lodging decrease and grain yield. Ethyl-trinexapac when applied on the occasion of the sixth or seventh leaf in the dose of 75 g ha-1 of active ingredient, provides higher values of gross revenue, operating profit and profitability index, and lower values for break-even price, ensuring greater profitability to the producer. Applications for the eighth leaf at doses of 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 g ha-1 are not recommended, because it has negative effects on the components of productivity and is not economically profitable to the producer.
The use of growth regulators as a technique that allows reduction in plant height and consequent strengthening of the stalks might be an option for elimination of lodging in plants, thus avoiding losses of the crop. However, the information on the subject is still scarce. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses (zero; 37,5; 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g ha-1 of active ingredient) and times of application of ethyl-trinexapac (6th leaf, 7th leaf and 8th leaf completely formed in the main stem) during the development of the upland rice crop irrigated by sprinkler. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, arranged in a 5x3 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. It was developed in the experimental area of Engineering University- UNESP at the Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State, Brazil – Campus, located in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the season of 2016/17, using the cultivar BRS Esmeralda. The components of production, plant height, lodging, grain yield, industrial yield and economic viability were evaluated. Due to climatic factors like rains and strong winds on the eve of the harvest, plots in which they did not receive the application of the regulator completely lodging. Applications for the eighth leaf in addition to promoting higher number of dry grains, the doses of 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 g ha-1 of active ingredient provide lower values for plant height, weight of 100 grains, hectoliter weight, yield of benefit and whole grains, reducing the productivity of grains, and negatively influencing economic profitability. It was observed that ethyl-trinexapac should be applied on the occasion of the seventh leaf at the dose of 75 g ha-1 of active ingredient, considering the reduction of plant height, lodging decrease and grain yield. Ethyl-trinexapac when applied on the occasion of the sixth or seventh leaf in the dose of 75 g ha-1 of active ingredient, provides higher values of gross revenue, operating profit and profitability index, and lower values for break-even price, ensuring greater profitability to the producer. Applications for the eighth leaf at doses of 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 g ha-1 are not recommended, because it has negative effects on the components of productivity and is not economically profitable to the producer.
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Palavras-chave
Oryza sativa L., Regulador vegetal, Acamamento de plantas, Irrigação por aspersão, Plant growth regulator, Plant lodging, Sprinkler irrigation