Doses de lodo de esgoto na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos de abacateiro ‘hass’
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Data
2018-02-28
Autores
Lopes, Marcela Caetano
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização do lodo de esgoto como fonte alternativa de adubação, além de promover economia em fertilizantes químicos e melhorar a qualidade física do solo, viabiliza aumento na produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de lodo de esgoto na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos de abacateiro ‘Hass’. O experimento foi conduzido e realizado na Fazenda Jaguacy Brasil, produtora e exportadora de abacates ‘Hass’, localizada no município de Bauru-SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 5 tratamentos, constando de 4 plantas por parcela. A área útil de cada parcela foi composta por duas plantas, destinadas à colheita total dos frutos, em março de 2016 e 2017. As plantas encontram-se no espaçamento 8 x 6 m (208 plantas/hectare), com aproximadamente 9 anos de idade, a irrigação foi realizada por gotejadores. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro doses de lodo de esgoto, com 20% de umidade (15, 30, 45 e 60 kg/planta), aplicadas em dose única no primeiro semestre dos anos de 2016 e 2017, e o controle, sem adição de lodo de esgoto, durante os ciclos de cultivos. Realizou-se análise dos frutos quanto à produtividade acumulada para os dois anos agrícolas, às características físicas e químicas, a análise química do tecido vegetal e do solo, a quantificação de metais pesados na polpa dos frutos e o índice de cor verde das plantas de abacateiro. Pode-se verificar que a adubação com lodo de esgoto na cultura do abacate proporcionou uma queda linear na produtividade acumulada em função das doses, possivelmente pela alta suscetibilidade da planta à toxidez por Cl. Para os teores foliares, a adubação com lodo de esgoto promoveu um aumento dos elementos N e P para as plantas de abacateiro ‘Hass’. Na solução do solo, a aplicação de doses de lodo de esgoto influenciou as variáveis K, Ca, CTC, SB e V%, sendo que, para os micronutrientes, apenas o S sofreu variação.
The use of sewage sludge as an alternative fertilizer source, in addition to promote a decrease on chemical fertilizer use and enhancing soil physical quality, enables an increase in crop yield.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge levels on the yield and quality of avocado ‘Hass’.The experiment was set at Jaguacy Brasil farm, producer and exporter of ‘Hass’ avocado, located at Bauru-SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates and five treatments, in which each plot was constituted by 4 avocado plants. Useful area of each plot was constituted by two plants, with total fruit harvest in March 2016 and 2017. The plants were distant of each other by 8 × 6 m (208 plants ha-1), with approximately 9 years old, irrigation was performed by dripping. Treatments were constituted by four sewage sludge levels with 20% moisture (15, 30, 45 and 60 kg/plant) applied as a single level in the first semester of both years and control, without sludge along the crop cycle. It was performed the analysis of the fruits as for cumulative yield for both crop season, the physical and chemical characteristic, vegetal tissue and soil chemical analysis, heavy metal quantification on fruit pulp and green color index of avocado plants. It was verified that the fertilization with sewage sludge on avocado promoted a linear decrease on cumulative yield due to levels, probably owing to the high susceptibility of the plant to toxicity of Cl. The sludge fertilization increased foliar concentrations of N and P in the ‘Hass’ avocado plants. The sludge fertilization levels in the soil influenced the variables K, S, Ca, CEC, BS and V%.
The use of sewage sludge as an alternative fertilizer source, in addition to promote a decrease on chemical fertilizer use and enhancing soil physical quality, enables an increase in crop yield.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge levels on the yield and quality of avocado ‘Hass’.The experiment was set at Jaguacy Brasil farm, producer and exporter of ‘Hass’ avocado, located at Bauru-SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates and five treatments, in which each plot was constituted by 4 avocado plants. Useful area of each plot was constituted by two plants, with total fruit harvest in March 2016 and 2017. The plants were distant of each other by 8 × 6 m (208 plants ha-1), with approximately 9 years old, irrigation was performed by dripping. Treatments were constituted by four sewage sludge levels with 20% moisture (15, 30, 45 and 60 kg/plant) applied as a single level in the first semester of both years and control, without sludge along the crop cycle. It was performed the analysis of the fruits as for cumulative yield for both crop season, the physical and chemical characteristic, vegetal tissue and soil chemical analysis, heavy metal quantification on fruit pulp and green color index of avocado plants. It was verified that the fertilization with sewage sludge on avocado promoted a linear decrease on cumulative yield due to levels, probably owing to the high susceptibility of the plant to toxicity of Cl. The sludge fertilization increased foliar concentrations of N and P in the ‘Hass’ avocado plants. The sludge fertilization levels in the soil influenced the variables K, S, Ca, CEC, BS and V%.
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Palavras-chave
Matéria orgânica., Nutrição mineral., Nutrientes., Persea americana., Pós-colheita.