Detecção e caracterização molecular de Bartonella spp. em moscas Streblidae e ácaros Macronyssidae e Spinturnicidae parasitas de quirópteros
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2018-02-21
Autores
Amaral, Renan Bressianini do
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre os ectoparasitas encontrados em morcegos, destacam-se as mocas Streblidae e ácaros Macronyssidae e e Spinturnicidae. A família Streblidae compreende um grupo monofilético de dípteros hematófagos Hippoboscoidea que parasitam morcegos. Enquanto ácaros da família Spinturnicidae são ectoparasitas exclusivos de quirópteros, aqueles da família Macronyssidae também parasitam outras espécies de mamíferos. Embora a ocorrência de Bartonella spp. tenha sido relatada em morcegos amostrados na Europa, África, Ásia e América Central e do Sul, poucos são os estudos acerca da ocorrência e diversidade genética de Bartonella spp. em moscas Hippoboscoidea e ácaros parasitas de quirópteros. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência e traçar inferências filogenéticas de Bartonella spp. em moscas Streblidae e ácaros de Spinturnicidae e Macronyssidae parasitas de morcegos no Brasil. Entre maio de 2011 a abril de 2012 e setembro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014, 404 moscas de Streblidae, 100 Macronyssidaes e 100 ácaros de Spinturnicidae foram coletadas de duas localidades no município de Nova Iguaçu, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no sudeste do Brasil. Todos os 20 pools de ácaros e 202 (50%) mostraram-se positivos na PCR para o gene endógeno cox-1 de invertebrados. Quarenta (19,8%) de 202 moscas Streblidae foram positivas para Bartonella spp. em ensaios de qPCR baseados no gene nuoG. : 6/32 (18%) Paratrichobius longicrus, 7/24 (29%) Strebla guajiro, 2/5 (40%) Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, 5/43 (11%) Aspidoptera falcata, 1/10 (10%) Trichobius anducei, 1/4 (25%) Megistopoda aranea e 18/55 (32%) Trichobius joblingi, coletados das seguintes espécies: Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus planirostris, Sturnira lilium, Artibeus obscurus. Foram obtidas seis sequências para Bartonella (nuoG [n = 2], gltA [n = 2], rpoB [n = 1], ribC [= 1]). Nenhum dos ácaros Macronyssidae e Spinturnicidae amostrados mostrou-se positivo para Bartonella spp. As análises filogenéticas das sequências, suportadas pela baixa identidade pelo BLAST, sugerem a circulação de mais de um genótipo/espécie de Bartonella em moscas da família Streblidae no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, os quais mostraram-se filogeneticamente próximos àqueles previamente detectados em morcegos e roedores na América, e em ruminantes na Europa. Tal fato evidenciando um possível intercâmbio de espécies de Bartonella entre hospedeiros vertebrados pertencentes às ordens Chiroptera, Rodentia e Artiodactyla.
Among the ectoparasites found in bats, stand out Streblidae flies and Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae mites. The Streblidae family comprises a monophyletic group of Hippoboscoidea hematophagous dipterans that parasitize bats. While mites of the Spinturnicidae family are ectoparasites unique to chiropterans, those of the Macronyssidae family also parasitize other species of mammals. Although the occurrence of Bartonella spp. has been reported in bats sampled in Europe, Africa, Asia and Central and South America, there are few studies on the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in Hippoboscoidea flies and mites parasites of bats. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and perform phylogenetic inferences of Bartonella spp. in Streblidae flies and Spinturnicidae and Macronyssidae mites parasites of bats in Brazil. Between May 2011 to April 2012 and September 2013 to December 2014, 404 Streblidae flies, 100 Macronyssidae and 100 Spinturnicidae mites were collected from two locations in the district of Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil. All 20 mite pools and 202 (50%) Streblidae flies showed to be positive in PCR assays targeting cox-1 gene. Forty (19.8%) of 202 Streblidae flies were positive for Bartonella spp. in qPCR assays based on the nuoG gene: Paratrichobius longicrus, 7/24 (29%) Strebla guajiro, 2/5 (40%) Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, 5/43 (11%) Aspidoptera falcata, 1/10 (10%) Trichobius anducei, 1/4 (25%) Megistopoda aranea and 18/55 (32%) Trichobius joblingi, collected from the following species: Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus planirostris, Sturnira lilium, Artibeus obscurus. Six Bartonella sequences were obtained (nuoG [n=2], gltA [n=2], rpoB [n=1], ribC [n=1]). None of the sampled Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae mites were positive for Bartonella spp. Phylogenetic analyzes of the sequences, supported by low BLAST identity, suggest the circulation of more than one Bartonella genotype/species in family Streblidae flies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which were shown to be phylogenetically close to those previously detected in bats and rodents in America, and in ruminants in Europe. This fact evidences a possible interchange of Bartonella species among vertebrate hosts belonging to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Artiodactyla.
Among the ectoparasites found in bats, stand out Streblidae flies and Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae mites. The Streblidae family comprises a monophyletic group of Hippoboscoidea hematophagous dipterans that parasitize bats. While mites of the Spinturnicidae family are ectoparasites unique to chiropterans, those of the Macronyssidae family also parasitize other species of mammals. Although the occurrence of Bartonella spp. has been reported in bats sampled in Europe, Africa, Asia and Central and South America, there are few studies on the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in Hippoboscoidea flies and mites parasites of bats. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and perform phylogenetic inferences of Bartonella spp. in Streblidae flies and Spinturnicidae and Macronyssidae mites parasites of bats in Brazil. Between May 2011 to April 2012 and September 2013 to December 2014, 404 Streblidae flies, 100 Macronyssidae and 100 Spinturnicidae mites were collected from two locations in the district of Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil. All 20 mite pools and 202 (50%) Streblidae flies showed to be positive in PCR assays targeting cox-1 gene. Forty (19.8%) of 202 Streblidae flies were positive for Bartonella spp. in qPCR assays based on the nuoG gene: Paratrichobius longicrus, 7/24 (29%) Strebla guajiro, 2/5 (40%) Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, 5/43 (11%) Aspidoptera falcata, 1/10 (10%) Trichobius anducei, 1/4 (25%) Megistopoda aranea and 18/55 (32%) Trichobius joblingi, collected from the following species: Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus planirostris, Sturnira lilium, Artibeus obscurus. Six Bartonella sequences were obtained (nuoG [n=2], gltA [n=2], rpoB [n=1], ribC [n=1]). None of the sampled Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae mites were positive for Bartonella spp. Phylogenetic analyzes of the sequences, supported by low BLAST identity, suggest the circulation of more than one Bartonella genotype/species in family Streblidae flies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which were shown to be phylogenetically close to those previously detected in bats and rodents in America, and in ruminants in Europe. This fact evidences a possible interchange of Bartonella species among vertebrate hosts belonging to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Artiodactyla.
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Bartonelose, Filogenia, Hippoboscoidea, Morcegos, Mesostigmata, qPCR, Rio de Janeiro, Bartonellosis, Phylogeny, Bats