Resposta para diferentes tipos de odores depende do contexto agressivo em matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus.
Carregando...
Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Montedor-Russi, Ana Paula
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Substâncias químicas podem se dissolver facilmente na água, facilitando a comunicação química. No entanto, pouco se sabe como ela ocorre nos peixes e se afeta respostas de estresse e, ainda, a influência da mesma em peixes de diferentes condições sociais. Para isso, conduzimos dois experimentos com o peixe matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus. O delineamento do experimento 1 consistiu em testar se extrato de pele em diferentes concentrações e odor de coespecífico machucado podem provocar respostas comportamentais de alarme e estresse. Para isso, testamos os seguintes tratamentos: água pura (AP); extrato de pele controle (EC), extrato de pele diluído (E-) e extrato de pele concentrado (E+) (5,5 µl/L, 2,7 µl /L e 11,0µl /L, respectivamente); ou água contendo odor de peixe machucado (Mac) (machucados advindos de briga com coespecífico). O comportamento dos peixes foi registrado antes e depois das adições (três adições), em cada tratamento (n=12). No Experimento 2, o delineamento consistiu em testar se odores de coespecíficos de diferentes condições sociais afetam o comportamento agressivo e as respostas de estresse. Para isso, matrinxãs foram isolados em aquário contendo um espelho, e após o início do confronto agressivo, foram feitas três adições (uma a cada treze minutos) de odor de coespecífico (n=21), dos seguintes tratamentos: AP; EC; Mac; vencedor Venc; perdedor – Perd; isolado – Isol. Analisamos as respostas comportamentais de alarme como, a atividade de locomoção (Exp. 1 e 2), tempo que o peixe permaneceu longe do espelho e, também, comportamentos agressivos no Experimento 2. Como indicadores de estresse utilizamos cortisol e glicose. O extrato provocou respostas comportamentais de alarme em ambos os experimentos, mostrando ser um odor artificialmente muito concentrado, provocando resposta de alarme em qualquer contexto. Já no tratamento Mac houve respostas de alarme no Experimento 1. No entanto, no Experimento 2 houve aumento progressivo da agressividade, sendo possível que nesse contexto o odor de um peixe machucado pode ser interpretado como sinal de que o indivíduo está vencendo a luta. Cortisol e glicose plasmáticos não foram alterados por nenhum dos tratamentos, indicando que os tratamentos não foram distúrbios suficientes para promover respostas de estresse. Para futuras intervenções nas pisciculturas ainda são necessários mais trabalhos básicos desse tipo de comunicação influenciando nos comportamentos dos peixes.
Chemical substances can dissolve easily in Waters, facilitating chemical communication. However, little is known how it ocursai in fish and whether it affects stress responses. Furthermore, we do not know the influence of chemical communication on fish of different social conditions. For this, we conducted two experiments with the matrinxã fish, Brycon amazonicus. The protocol of Experiment 1 consisted of extrate of skin in different concentrations and odor of injuried coespecif can cause behavioral alarm and stress responses. For this, we tested the following treatments: pure water (AP); (EC), diluted skin extract (E-) and concentrated skin extract (E +) (5.5 μl / L, 2.7 μl / L and 11.0 μl / L, respectively); or water containing smell of injuried coespecific fish (Mac) (simulation of injuries resulting from a fight with a specific species). Fish behavior was recorded before and after the additions (three additions) in each treatment (n = 12). In Experiment 2, the protocol consisted of testing whether coespecific odors from different social conditions affect aggressive behavior and stress responses. For this, matrinxans were isolated in an aquarium containing a mirror, and after the beginning of the aggressive confrontation, three additions (one every thirteen minutes) of coespecific odor (n=21) were made from the following treatments: AP; EC; Mac; winner Venc; loser - Perd; isolated - Isol. We analyzed behavioral alarm responses such as the locomotion activity (Exp. 1 and 2), time the fish stayed away from the mirror and also aggressive behaviors in Experiment 2. As indicators of stress we used cortisol and glucose. In both experiments we evaluated the behavior before the additions and after the additions of each treatment. The extract elicited behavioral alarm responses in both experiments, proving to be an artificially concentrated odor capable of triggering the alarm response in any context. Already in the Mac treatment there were alarm responses in Experiment 1. However, in Experiment 2 there was a progressive increase of aggressiveness, possibly because that in this context the odor of a injuried fish can be interpreted as a sign that the individual is winning the fight. Plasma cortisol and glucose were Chemical substances can dissolve easily in Waters, facilitating chemical communication. However, little is known how it ocursai in fish and whether it affects stress responses. Furthermore, we do not know the influence of chemical communication on fish of different social conditions. For this, we conducted two experiments with the matrinxã fish, Brycon amazonicus. The protocol of Experiment 1 consisted of extrate of skin in different concentrations and odor of injuried coespecif can cause behavioral alarm and stress responses. For this, we tested the following treatments: pure water (AP); (EC), diluted skin extract (E-) and concentrated skin extract (E +) (5.5 μl / L, 2.7 μl / L and 11.0 μl / L, respectively); or water containing smell of injuried coespecific fish (Mac) (simulation of injuries resulting from a fight with a specific species). Fish behavior was recorded before and after the additions (three additions) in each treatment (n = 12). In Experiment 2, the protocol consisted of testing whether coespecific odors from different social conditions affect aggressive behavior and stress responses. For this, matrinxans were isolated in an aquarium containing a mirror, and after the beginning of the aggressive confrontation, three additions (one every thirteen minutes) of coespecific odor (n=21) were made from the following treatments: AP; EC; Mac; winner Venc; loser - Perd; isolated - Isol. We analyzed behavioral alarm responses such as the locomotion activity (Exp. 1 and 2), time the fish stayed away from the mirror and also aggressive behaviors in Experiment 2. As indicators of stress we used cortisol and glucose. In both experiments we evaluated the behavior before the additions and after the additions of each treatment. The extract elicited behavioral alarm responses in both experiments, proving to be an artificially concentrated odor capable of triggering the alarm response in any context. Already in the Mac treatment there were alarm responses in Experiment 1. However, in Experiment 2 there was a progressive increase of aggressiveness, possibly because that in this context the odor of a injuried fish can be interpreted as a sign that the individual is winning the fight. Plasma cortisol and glucose were
Chemical substances can dissolve easily in Waters, facilitating chemical communication. However, little is known how it ocursai in fish and whether it affects stress responses. Furthermore, we do not know the influence of chemical communication on fish of different social conditions. For this, we conducted two experiments with the matrinxã fish, Brycon amazonicus. The protocol of Experiment 1 consisted of extrate of skin in different concentrations and odor of injuried coespecif can cause behavioral alarm and stress responses. For this, we tested the following treatments: pure water (AP); (EC), diluted skin extract (E-) and concentrated skin extract (E +) (5.5 μl / L, 2.7 μl / L and 11.0 μl / L, respectively); or water containing smell of injuried coespecific fish (Mac) (simulation of injuries resulting from a fight with a specific species). Fish behavior was recorded before and after the additions (three additions) in each treatment (n = 12). In Experiment 2, the protocol consisted of testing whether coespecific odors from different social conditions affect aggressive behavior and stress responses. For this, matrinxans were isolated in an aquarium containing a mirror, and after the beginning of the aggressive confrontation, three additions (one every thirteen minutes) of coespecific odor (n=21) were made from the following treatments: AP; EC; Mac; winner Venc; loser - Perd; isolated - Isol. We analyzed behavioral alarm responses such as the locomotion activity (Exp. 1 and 2), time the fish stayed away from the mirror and also aggressive behaviors in Experiment 2. As indicators of stress we used cortisol and glucose. In both experiments we evaluated the behavior before the additions and after the additions of each treatment. The extract elicited behavioral alarm responses in both experiments, proving to be an artificially concentrated odor capable of triggering the alarm response in any context. Already in the Mac treatment there were alarm responses in Experiment 1. However, in Experiment 2 there was a progressive increase of aggressiveness, possibly because that in this context the odor of a injuried fish can be interpreted as a sign that the individual is winning the fight. Plasma cortisol and glucose were Chemical substances can dissolve easily in Waters, facilitating chemical communication. However, little is known how it ocursai in fish and whether it affects stress responses. Furthermore, we do not know the influence of chemical communication on fish of different social conditions. For this, we conducted two experiments with the matrinxã fish, Brycon amazonicus. The protocol of Experiment 1 consisted of extrate of skin in different concentrations and odor of injuried coespecif can cause behavioral alarm and stress responses. For this, we tested the following treatments: pure water (AP); (EC), diluted skin extract (E-) and concentrated skin extract (E +) (5.5 μl / L, 2.7 μl / L and 11.0 μl / L, respectively); or water containing smell of injuried coespecific fish (Mac) (simulation of injuries resulting from a fight with a specific species). Fish behavior was recorded before and after the additions (three additions) in each treatment (n = 12). In Experiment 2, the protocol consisted of testing whether coespecific odors from different social conditions affect aggressive behavior and stress responses. For this, matrinxans were isolated in an aquarium containing a mirror, and after the beginning of the aggressive confrontation, three additions (one every thirteen minutes) of coespecific odor (n=21) were made from the following treatments: AP; EC; Mac; winner Venc; loser - Perd; isolated - Isol. We analyzed behavioral alarm responses such as the locomotion activity (Exp. 1 and 2), time the fish stayed away from the mirror and also aggressive behaviors in Experiment 2. As indicators of stress we used cortisol and glucose. In both experiments we evaluated the behavior before the additions and after the additions of each treatment. The extract elicited behavioral alarm responses in both experiments, proving to be an artificially concentrated odor capable of triggering the alarm response in any context. Already in the Mac treatment there were alarm responses in Experiment 1. However, in Experiment 2 there was a progressive increase of aggressiveness, possibly because that in this context the odor of a injuried fish can be interpreted as a sign that the individual is winning the fight. Plasma cortisol and glucose were
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Comunicação química, comportamento agressivo, peixes, Chemical communication, aggressive behavior, fish