Efeitos dos corantes presentes na tintura capilar preta sobre células de bexiga humana
Carregando...
Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Berreta, Michele Perisatto [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Fazer uso de tinturas capilares é uma prática amplamente difundida por todo o mundo e, por isso, motivo de debate sobre os impactos que elas podem conferir à saúde humana. Essa preocupação se deve, além do fato das tinturas serem constituídas por diversos compostos, também por algumas delas possuírem corantes azo que são compostos que, ao serem reduzidos, liberam aminas aromáticas, que podem ser ainda mais tóxicas que os compostos originais. Tanto os corantes quanto seus derivados podem ser absorvidos pela pele e alcançar órgãos como a bexiga, onde podem representar um risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer. Frente a essa problemática, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, na linhagem de células de bexiga (5637), a citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade, mutagenicidade e o potencial de indução de estresse oxidativo dos corantes Arianor Cherry Red, Arianor Sienna Brown e Arianor Ebony, utilizados na formulação da tintura capilar preta. Para avaliar a citotoxicidade pelo teste da resazurina, foram testadas concentrações entre 20 a 1,25 mg/L do corante Cherry Red, 400 a 18,75 mg/L do Sienna Brown, 3.200 a 3,75 mg/L do Ebony, 100 a 0,16 % dos corantes associados entre si e 0,31 a 0,03 % dos corantes associados entre si e com peróxido de hidrogênio. Dessas concentrações, foram escolhidas três com viabilidade celular acima de 80 % por tratamento: Cherry Red: 5,0, 2,5 e 1,2 mg/L; Sienna Brown: 100, 50 e 25 mg/L; Ebony: 10, 7,5 e 5 mg/L; associação entre corantes: 0,31, 0,26 e 0,16 %; e associação com peróxido de hidrogênio: 0,08, 0,06 e 0,04 %. Essas concentrações foram utilizadas para avaliar a genotoxicidade, mutagenicidade e as atividades antioxidativas das células. Pelo ensaio do cometa foi observado que todos os tratamentos tiveram efeito genotóxico significativo sobre as células de bexiga. Esse efeito foi confirmado pelo teste do MN em que foi observado um número significativo de pontes, para quase todos os tratamentos (com exceção da concentração de 5 mg/L do Cherry Red, 0,16 % da associação e 0,08 e 0,04 % da associação com peróxido de hidrogênio) e valores significativos de brotos para todos os tratamentos testados. O teste do MN ainda mostrou que foi encontrado um número significativo de micronúcleos para todos os tratamentos testados, indicando que todos eles têm potencial mutagênicos sobre as células de bexiga. Ainda pelo teste do MN foi possível observar que todos os tratamentos reduziram significativamente os índices de divisão celular. As defesas antioxidantes das células foram avaliadas pela atividade da enzima SOD e pelos níveis de GSH e TBARs. Os níveis enzimáticos da SOD foram significativamente maiores, em relação ao controle negativo, para a concentração de 1,25 mg/L do Cherry Red e para todas as associações com e sem peróxido de hidrogênio. Os níveis de GSH mostraram-se significativamente maiores para as concentrações de 5 e 1,25 mg/L do Cherry Red, 10 mg/L do Ebony, 0,16 % da associação e 0,06 e 0,04 % da associação com peróxido de hidrogênio e significativamente menores para as concentrações de 50 e 25 mg/L do Sienna Brown. Os níveis de TBARs foram estatisticamente maiores apenas para as concentrações de 50 mg/L do Sienna Brown, 10 e 7,5 mg/L do Ebony e 0,04 % da associação de corantes com peróxido de hidrogênio. Esses resultados indicam que, de forma geral, os corantes estudados têm potencial de danificar as células, tanto na ausência como na presença de peróxido de hidrogênio. Os efeitos tóxicos, genotóxicos, mutagênicos e indutores de estresse oxidativos foram observados para concentrações muito mais baixas que as presentes nas tinturas capilares. Essa ação danosa pode ser devida tanto a presença de estruturas azo como de aminas aromáticas derivadas da redução desses corantes. Os resultados desse estudo, além de trazer informações para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de ação dos corantes, servem de alerta para consumidores e profissionais da área da estética, que se expõem, diariamente, a esses compostos.
Hair dying is a widespread worldwide practice and because of this, the reason of the discussion about the impacts that the hair dyes may have over human health. This concern is since some dyes have azo compounds which, after being reduced, release aromatic amines that can be even more toxic than the original compounds. Both the dyes and its derivates can be absorbed by skin and reach organs, like the bladder, where they may present a risk for cancer development. Due to this problem, this study aimed to assess, on the bladder cell line (5637), the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and the stress oxidative induction potential of the dyes Arianor Cherry Red, Arianor Sienna Brown e Arianor Ebony used in the black hair dye formula. To evaluate the cytotoxicity by the resazurina assay, 10 concentrations of Cherry Red, 10 of Sienna Brown, 22 of Ebony, 17 of mixture of the dyes and 12 of the mixture of dye and hydrogen peroxide were tested. Among these concentrations, three of each treatment with cell viability of 80 % or more were chosen: Cherry Red: 5.0, 2.5 e 1.2 mg/L; Sienna Brown: 100, 50 e 25 mg/L; Ebony: 10, 7.5 e 5 mg/L; dye mixture: 0.31, 0.26 e 0.16 %; e dye mixture with hydrogen peroxide: 0.08, 0.06 e 0.04 %. These concentrations were used to assess the genotoxicity, mutagenicity and the antioxidant activity of the cells. The comet assay showed that all treatments had a significant genotoxic effect over the bladder cells. This effect was confirmed by the MN test which showed significant values for bridge, to almost all treatments, and significant values for nuclear buds to all tested treatments. The MN test also presented a high number of micronuclei to all tested treatments, indicating that all of them have a mutagenic potential over the cells. It was observed by the MN test that all treatments significantly decreased the cell division index. The antioxidant defenses of the cell were evaluated by the activity of the enzyme SOD and by the levels of GSH and TBARs. The enzymatic levels of SOD were significantly higher, in relation to the negative control, to the concentrations of 1.25 mg/L of Cherry Red and to all concentrations of the dye mixture, with and without hydrogen peroxide. GSH levels showed significantly higher to the concentrations of 5 and 1.25 mg/L (Cherry Red) 10 mg/L (Ebony), 0.16 % (dye mixture) and 0.06 e 0.04 % (dye mixture with hydrogen peroxide) and significantly lower to the concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/L (Sienna Brown). TBARs levels were statistically higher only for the concentrations of 50 mg/L (Sienna Brown), 10 and 7,5 mg/L (Ebony) e 0,04 % (dye mixture with hydrogen peroxide). These results indicate that, in general, the studied dyes have the potential to damage cell, both in the presence or absence of the hydrogen peroxide. The toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and oxidative stress inductor effects were observed to concentrations much lower than the one present in the hair dyes. This harmful action may be due to both the presence of azo structures and aromatic amines derived from the reduction of these dyes. The results of this study, besides bringing information to a better comprehension of the action mechanisms of the dyes, serve as an alert to consumers and professionals that get exposed, daily, to these compounds.
Hair dying is a widespread worldwide practice and because of this, the reason of the discussion about the impacts that the hair dyes may have over human health. This concern is since some dyes have azo compounds which, after being reduced, release aromatic amines that can be even more toxic than the original compounds. Both the dyes and its derivates can be absorbed by skin and reach organs, like the bladder, where they may present a risk for cancer development. Due to this problem, this study aimed to assess, on the bladder cell line (5637), the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and the stress oxidative induction potential of the dyes Arianor Cherry Red, Arianor Sienna Brown e Arianor Ebony used in the black hair dye formula. To evaluate the cytotoxicity by the resazurina assay, 10 concentrations of Cherry Red, 10 of Sienna Brown, 22 of Ebony, 17 of mixture of the dyes and 12 of the mixture of dye and hydrogen peroxide were tested. Among these concentrations, three of each treatment with cell viability of 80 % or more were chosen: Cherry Red: 5.0, 2.5 e 1.2 mg/L; Sienna Brown: 100, 50 e 25 mg/L; Ebony: 10, 7.5 e 5 mg/L; dye mixture: 0.31, 0.26 e 0.16 %; e dye mixture with hydrogen peroxide: 0.08, 0.06 e 0.04 %. These concentrations were used to assess the genotoxicity, mutagenicity and the antioxidant activity of the cells. The comet assay showed that all treatments had a significant genotoxic effect over the bladder cells. This effect was confirmed by the MN test which showed significant values for bridge, to almost all treatments, and significant values for nuclear buds to all tested treatments. The MN test also presented a high number of micronuclei to all tested treatments, indicating that all of them have a mutagenic potential over the cells. It was observed by the MN test that all treatments significantly decreased the cell division index. The antioxidant defenses of the cell were evaluated by the activity of the enzyme SOD and by the levels of GSH and TBARs. The enzymatic levels of SOD were significantly higher, in relation to the negative control, to the concentrations of 1.25 mg/L of Cherry Red and to all concentrations of the dye mixture, with and without hydrogen peroxide. GSH levels showed significantly higher to the concentrations of 5 and 1.25 mg/L (Cherry Red) 10 mg/L (Ebony), 0.16 % (dye mixture) and 0.06 e 0.04 % (dye mixture with hydrogen peroxide) and significantly lower to the concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/L (Sienna Brown). TBARs levels were statistically higher only for the concentrations of 50 mg/L (Sienna Brown), 10 and 7,5 mg/L (Ebony) e 0,04 % (dye mixture with hydrogen peroxide). These results indicate that, in general, the studied dyes have the potential to damage cell, both in the presence or absence of the hydrogen peroxide. The toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and oxidative stress inductor effects were observed to concentrations much lower than the one present in the hair dyes. This harmful action may be due to both the presence of azo structures and aromatic amines derived from the reduction of these dyes. The results of this study, besides bringing information to a better comprehension of the action mechanisms of the dyes, serve as an alert to consumers and professionals that get exposed, daily, to these compounds.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Corantes azo, Ensaio do cometa, Estresse oxidativo, Linhagem celular 5637, Peróxido de hidrogênio, Teste da resazurina, Teste do micronúcleo, Azo dyes, Cell line 5637, Comet assay, Hydrogen peroxide, Micronucleus test, Oxidative stress, Resazurin assay