Gestantes de alto risco e fatores associados à doença periodontal
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Data
2018-02-26
Autores
Rodrigues, Fernanda Izaura [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gravidez é um período no qual desenvolvimento o embrião promove significativas alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas no organismo das mulheres. Gestação de risco é aquela na qual a vida ou a saúde da mãe e/ou do feto e/ou do recém-nascido têm maiores chances de serem prejudicadas, comparando com a média da população considerada. O objetivo neste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de doença periodontal em gestantes de alto-risco e analisar a associação com as características sócio-demográficas, história médica e fatores comportamentais. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, observacional e analítico, no qual a amostra foi composta por 800 gestantes de alto risco, em qualquer fase gestacional, selecionadas no centro de referência para atenção especializada à saúde. Foram realizados entrevista, com formulário estruturado, e exame bucal, por dois examinadores calibrados (Kappa=0,89), empregando-se o índice periodontal comunitário (CPI), no ano de 2017. Foram realizados testes de associação qui-quadrado e posteriormente análise de regressão logística univariada e multivariada, ao nível de significância de 5%, para estimar odds ratios (OR) e intervalo de confiança (IC) entre as variáveis desfecho sangramento; CPI e as demais variáveis do estudo. As variáveis que obtiveram um valor de p<0,100 na análise univariada foram testadas nas análises múltiplas. Do total de gestantes, 66,9% apresentaram CPI >ou =1. Sangramento gengival esteve associado às seguintes variáveis: segundo (OR = 1,7, IC = 1,1-2,5) e terceiro trimestre de gestação (OR=1,4; IC=0,8-2,1); hipertensão arterial (OR=1,9; IC=1,4-2,7); diabetes mellitus (OR = 2,1; IC=1,3-3,3), fumo (OR=1,8; IC=1,2-2,8). Com o Odds ratio ajustado, essas mesmas variáveis mostraram significância estatística. Com relação à variável desfecho CPI, houve associação significativa com idade 35-45 anos (OR=2,0; IC=1,1-3,8); hipertensão arterial (OR=2,0; IC=1,3-3,0); fumo (OR=2,3; IC=1,4-3,8). Conclui-se que a idade avançada, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e fumo são fatores que proporcionam maiores chances de ocorrência de sangramento gengival e graus mais severos do CPI, em gestantes de alto risco.
Pregnancy is a period in which the embryo development promotes significant anatomical and physiological changes in the body of women. Risk pregnancy is one in which the life or health of the mother and / or the fetus and / or the newborn are more likely to be adiantative than the average population. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of periodontal disease in high-risk pregnant women and to analyze the association with socio-demographic characteristics, medical history and behavioral factors. This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study, in which the sample consisted of 800 high-risk pregnant women, at any gestational stage, selected at the brazilian reference center for specialized health care. Interviews were conducted using a structured form, and oral examination, by two calibrated examiners (Kappa = 0.89), with the community periodontal index (CPI) in the year 2017. Association tests, chi-square, were made at significance level of 5%. After, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence interval (CI) between the outcome variables: bleeding; CPI and the other variables of the study. The variables that obtained p <0.100 in the univariate analysis were tested in the multiple analyzes. Of the total number of pregnant women, 66.9% had CPI≥ 1. Gingival bleeding was associated with the following variables: second (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.1-2.5) and third trimester of gestation (OR = 1.4; CI = 0.8-2.1); arterial hypertension (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.4-2.7); diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.3-3.3), smoking (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.2-2.8). After the adjusted odds ratio, these same variables showed statistical significance. Regarding the CPI outcome variable, there was a significant association with age 35-45 years (OR = 2.0; CI = 1,1-3,8); arterial hypertension (OR = 2.0; CI = 1.3-3.0); smoking (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.4-3.8). It was concluded that advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking are factors that provide greater chances of occurrence of gingival bleeding and more severe degrees of CPI in high-risk pregnant women.
Pregnancy is a period in which the embryo development promotes significant anatomical and physiological changes in the body of women. Risk pregnancy is one in which the life or health of the mother and / or the fetus and / or the newborn are more likely to be adiantative than the average population. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of periodontal disease in high-risk pregnant women and to analyze the association with socio-demographic characteristics, medical history and behavioral factors. This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study, in which the sample consisted of 800 high-risk pregnant women, at any gestational stage, selected at the brazilian reference center for specialized health care. Interviews were conducted using a structured form, and oral examination, by two calibrated examiners (Kappa = 0.89), with the community periodontal index (CPI) in the year 2017. Association tests, chi-square, were made at significance level of 5%. After, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence interval (CI) between the outcome variables: bleeding; CPI and the other variables of the study. The variables that obtained p <0.100 in the univariate analysis were tested in the multiple analyzes. Of the total number of pregnant women, 66.9% had CPI≥ 1. Gingival bleeding was associated with the following variables: second (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.1-2.5) and third trimester of gestation (OR = 1.4; CI = 0.8-2.1); arterial hypertension (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.4-2.7); diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.3-3.3), smoking (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.2-2.8). After the adjusted odds ratio, these same variables showed statistical significance. Regarding the CPI outcome variable, there was a significant association with age 35-45 years (OR = 2.0; CI = 1,1-3,8); arterial hypertension (OR = 2.0; CI = 1.3-3.0); smoking (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.4-3.8). It was concluded that advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking are factors that provide greater chances of occurrence of gingival bleeding and more severe degrees of CPI in high-risk pregnant women.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Doença periodontal, Saúde bucal, Gestação alto risco, Gravidez, Epidemiologia, Oral health