Avaliação de parâmetros ergonômicos: vibração e ruído em roçadoras laterais
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Schutzer, Victor Manieri
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A crescente mecanização na agricultura mundial foi acompanhada do aumento do número de acidentes e fez com que elevasse a preocupação com a saúde de seus operadores, já que tais trabalhadores estão expostos aos riscos que esse tipo de atividade proporciona. Alguns dos graves problemas que são gerados pelos equipamentos agrícolas é a alta vibração e ruído a que os operadores ficam expostos na sua jornada de trabalho. A vibração que atinge os trabalhadores pode ser considerada como um distúrbio, já que é responsável por grandes prejuízos à saúde do ser humano, estando diretamente relacionada com a fadiga do trabalhador. O ruído, considerado como um som indesejável, é outro problema gerado por máquinas motoras e responsável por lesão no aparelho auditivo e, até mesmo, por estresse psicofisiológico. Para o presente trabalho, analisou-se os riscos físicos que a vibração e o ruído causam em operadores de roçadoras motorizadas. Foram feitas análises de situações reais que os usuários deste tipo de máquina enfrentam no seu dia a dia de trabalho, para que se possa tirar conclusões da possibilidade de efeitos danosos. Para a pesquisa utilizou-se um acelerômetro de três eixos - HVM 100, marca Larson Davis, para mensurar a vibração captada pela mão do operador e um medidor de pressão sonora, marca Instrutherm, modelo DEC-460 para mensurar o ruído causado pela roçadora. Para a análise da vibração captada pela mão dos operadores foi utilizada a norma internacional ISO 5349 (2001) – Vibração Mecânica – Medição, Avaliação da Exposição Humana da Vibração Transmitida à Mão e Diretiva Europeia 2002/44/EC que estabelece os limites de exposição à vibração. As análises do ruído foram feitas a partir da Norma Regulamentadora – NR-15 – Atividades e Operações Insalubres. Os resultados de vibração e ruído apresentados em alguns testes ficaram acima do que estabelece a norma para que não haja prejuízo à saúde dos operadores deste tipo de equipamento durante uma exposição equivalente a uma jornada de trabalho de 8 horas. Além disso, mostra a importância do estudo, escolha e, principalmente, da correta utilização de EPI (Equipamento de Proteção Individual) para que minimize a vibração e o ruído que chegam ao organismo humano. É importante, ainda, a manutenção periódica dos equipamentos mecânicos para que os mesmos funcionem corretamente, evitando quebras das máquinas e danos aos operadores de tais equipamentos.
The increasing mechanization in world agriculture was accompanied by an increase in the number of accidents has caused concern about the health of its operators, as these workers are exposed to risks that this type of activity provides. Some of the serious problems that are generated by agricultural equipment are the high vibration and noise to which operators are exposed in their work. The vibration that affects the workers can be considered as a disorder, since it is responsible for major damages to the health of human beings, being directly related to worker fatigue. Noise, regarded as an unwanted sound, is another problem caused by motorized machines and responsible to hearing damage and even to psychophysiological stress. For this study, a physical risks analysis was made. So it is possible to determine the damage that vibration and noise can cause in motorized brushcutter’s operators. Real situations of the daily work that these users go through were analyzed, so that conclusions can be made of the possibility of harmful effects. For the research, an accelerometer of three axes - HVM 100, Larson Davis brand, was used to measure the vibration captured by the hand of the operator and a sound pressure meter, Instrutherm brand model DEC-460, was used to measure the noise caused by brushcutters. For the vibration analysis captured by the hand of the operators, the international standard ISO 5349 (2001) - Mechanical Vibration - Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand-Transmitted Vibration and the European Directive 2002/44/EC establishing the exposure limits for vibrations were used. Noise analysis was made based on the Regulatory Standard - NR-15 - Unhealthy Activities and Operations. The noise and vibration results in some tests were above the standard so that there is no damage to the health of the operators of such equipment during an exposure equivalent to an 8 hours working day. This also shows the importance of the study, choice and especially the proper use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to minimize vibration and noise coming to the human body. The regular maintenance of mechanical equipment is also important so that they function properly, avoiding machinery breakages and damage to operators of such equipment.
The increasing mechanization in world agriculture was accompanied by an increase in the number of accidents has caused concern about the health of its operators, as these workers are exposed to risks that this type of activity provides. Some of the serious problems that are generated by agricultural equipment are the high vibration and noise to which operators are exposed in their work. The vibration that affects the workers can be considered as a disorder, since it is responsible for major damages to the health of human beings, being directly related to worker fatigue. Noise, regarded as an unwanted sound, is another problem caused by motorized machines and responsible to hearing damage and even to psychophysiological stress. For this study, a physical risks analysis was made. So it is possible to determine the damage that vibration and noise can cause in motorized brushcutter’s operators. Real situations of the daily work that these users go through were analyzed, so that conclusions can be made of the possibility of harmful effects. For the research, an accelerometer of three axes - HVM 100, Larson Davis brand, was used to measure the vibration captured by the hand of the operator and a sound pressure meter, Instrutherm brand model DEC-460, was used to measure the noise caused by brushcutters. For the vibration analysis captured by the hand of the operators, the international standard ISO 5349 (2001) - Mechanical Vibration - Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Hand-Transmitted Vibration and the European Directive 2002/44/EC establishing the exposure limits for vibrations were used. Noise analysis was made based on the Regulatory Standard - NR-15 - Unhealthy Activities and Operations. The noise and vibration results in some tests were above the standard so that there is no damage to the health of the operators of such equipment during an exposure equivalent to an 8 hours working day. This also shows the importance of the study, choice and especially the proper use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to minimize vibration and noise coming to the human body. The regular maintenance of mechanical equipment is also important so that they function properly, avoiding machinery breakages and damage to operators of such equipment.
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Palavras-chave
Roçadora motorizada, Acelerômetro, Medidor de pressão sonora, Motorized brushcutter, Accelerometer, Sound pressure meter