Avaliação da resistência à fadiga de compósitos nanoestruturados de PEI/nanotubos de carbono/fibras de carbono com aplicação aeronáutica
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Santos, Luis Felipe de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os avanços tecnológicos na área dos compósitos poliméricos criaram novas oportunidades para estruturas de alto desempenho e com baixo peso, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de sistemas estratégicos em diversos setores, principalmente o aeronáutico. Dentro deste contexto os compósitos poliméricos nanoestruturados encontram-se em uma posição vantajosa em relação a outros materiais, pois seus constituintes podem agregar melhorias nos desempenhos mecânico, térmico e elétrico. Neste trabalho, compósitos nanoestruturados de poli(éter-imida) e nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas (PEI/MWCNT) foram obtidos a partir da técnica de mistura em solução. Posteriormente, foi realizada a consolidação do compósito nanoestruturado reforçado com fibra de carbono (PEI/MWCNT/FC) via moldagem por compressão a quente. A partir das análises térmicas de termogravimetria (TGA) e dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) realizadas no compósito PEI/MWCNT, verificou-se uma melhoria na resistência térmica e nas propriedades viscoelásticas do material. Além disso, as melhorias nas propriedades físicas ocasionadas pela adição de MWCNT a matriz polimérica, influenciaram positivamente na qualidade de processamento dos laminados. Após os ensaios de ILSS e CST observou-se que a adição do nanoreforço gerou um incremento de 16% e 58%, respectivamente, sugerindo uma melhoria na adesão interfacial do compósito. O comportamento em tração não sofreu influência significativa a partir da adição de MWCNT, levando apenas uma melhoria de 5% na resistência a tração e 2% no módulo de elasticidade do material. A adição de MWCNT não influenciou significativamente a resistência a fadiga dos laminados quando analisada em temperatura ambiente e em temperatura elevada, sendo possível observar uma pequena redução nas mesmas. Por outro lado, quando submetido a temperatura sub-ambiente, a adição favoreceu e gerou uma melhoria na resistência a fadiga dos materiais. Por fim, após as análises fractográficas observou-se macroscopicamente que o material PEI/MWCNT/FC possui um aspecto mais dúctil da fratura e microscopicamente há diferenças nos aspectos da fratura do material quando comparado ao laminado PEI/FC
Technological advances in polymer composites area have been created new opportunities for high-performance and lightweight structures, promoting the development of strategic systems in several sectors of industry, especially on the aerospace field. In this context, the nanostructured polymer composites are in an advantageous position compared to other materials, since its constituents may add improvements in mechanical, thermal and electrical performance. In this work, PEI/MWCNT nanostructured composites were obtained from solution mixing technique. Subsequently, the consolidation of the composite reinforced with carbon fiber, was performed by hot compression molding. TGA and DMA analyzes performed on PEI/MWCNT composite film revealed that there was an improvement in the thermal resistance and the viscoelastic properties of the material. In addition, the enhancement in physical properties due to the incorporation of MWCNT in polymer matrix had a positive role in the quality of the laminates. After ILSS and CST tests, it was observed that the addition of the nanofiller led to an increment of 16% and 58%, respectively, suggesting an improvement in the interfacial adhesion of the composite. The tensile behavior did not present a significant influence from the addition of MWCNT, leading to only a 5% improvement in tensile strength and 2% in the modulus of elasticity of the material. The addition of MWCNT did not significantly influence the fatigue strength of the laminates when analyzed at room and high temperature, being possible to observe a small reduction in these temperatures. On the other hand, when performed at sub-ambient temperature, the incorporation of the nanofiller led to an improvement in the fatigue resistance of the materials. Finally, after the fractographic analysis it was observed macroscopically that the PEI/MWCNT/FC composite has a more ductile aspect of the fracture and microscopically there are differences in the fracture aspects of the material when compared to the PEI/FC laminate
Technological advances in polymer composites area have been created new opportunities for high-performance and lightweight structures, promoting the development of strategic systems in several sectors of industry, especially on the aerospace field. In this context, the nanostructured polymer composites are in an advantageous position compared to other materials, since its constituents may add improvements in mechanical, thermal and electrical performance. In this work, PEI/MWCNT nanostructured composites were obtained from solution mixing technique. Subsequently, the consolidation of the composite reinforced with carbon fiber, was performed by hot compression molding. TGA and DMA analyzes performed on PEI/MWCNT composite film revealed that there was an improvement in the thermal resistance and the viscoelastic properties of the material. In addition, the enhancement in physical properties due to the incorporation of MWCNT in polymer matrix had a positive role in the quality of the laminates. After ILSS and CST tests, it was observed that the addition of the nanofiller led to an increment of 16% and 58%, respectively, suggesting an improvement in the interfacial adhesion of the composite. The tensile behavior did not present a significant influence from the addition of MWCNT, leading to only a 5% improvement in tensile strength and 2% in the modulus of elasticity of the material. The addition of MWCNT did not significantly influence the fatigue strength of the laminates when analyzed at room and high temperature, being possible to observe a small reduction in these temperatures. On the other hand, when performed at sub-ambient temperature, the incorporation of the nanofiller led to an improvement in the fatigue resistance of the materials. Finally, after the fractographic analysis it was observed macroscopically that the PEI/MWCNT/FC composite has a more ductile aspect of the fracture and microscopically there are differences in the fracture aspects of the material when compared to the PEI/FC laminate
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Palavras-chave
Compósitos nanoestruturados, Termoplástico, PEI, MWCNT, Fadiga, Nanostructured composites, Thermoplastic, Fatigue, Compósitos, Materiais - Fadiga