Desempenho horticultural e tolerância ao huanglongbing de combinações de laranjeira ‘valência’ enxertada em diferentes porta-enxertos
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Rodrigues, Jardel Diego Barbosa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor de laranja no mundo, e o huanglongbing (HLB) é a doença mais importante e devastadora da citricultura mundial. Ela está presente no país, nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Minas Gerais e causa sérios prejuízos à citricultura. Até o momento não há medidas curativas eficientes no controle do HLB, portanto a verificação de maior tolerância de combinações copa/porta-enxerto frente ao HLB poderá contribuir para o avanço no manejo da doença. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o desempenho horticultural de laranjeira ‘Valência’ enxertada em 16 porta-enxertos de citros e a tolerância das combinações ao HLB, com o objetivo de selecionar combinações que tolerem o progresso da enfermidade. O experimento foi instalado em 2011 em Bebedouro-SP, no espaçamento de 6,0 x 2,5 m em regime de sequeiro. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 16 tratamentos (porta-enxertos) e 30 repetições. Realizaram-se estudos de análise de sobrevivência feitos através de avaliações de sintomas do HLB. O desempenho horticultural das diferentes combinações copa/porta-enxerto foi analisado por meio de variáveis de crescimento das plantas, produção, eficiência produtiva, qualidade dos frutos e tolerância à seca. Foram avaliadas a intensidade de brotação das plantas para correlacionar com a variável intensidade de plantas com sintomas de HLB. Os resultados mostraram que a produção de frutos e crescimento vegetativo para os porta-enxertos citrange ‘Carrizo’ tetraploide, ‘Cleópatra’ x ‘Christian’ foi equivalente aos porta-enxertos limoeiro ‘Cravo’ e citrumelo ‘Swingle’. O porta-enxerto trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ apresentou boa aptidão para o cultivo adensado, por ter proporcionado pouco vigor e maior valor de eficiência produtiva. Os híbridos com parental P. trifoliata conferiram as copas de laranjeira ‘Valência’ produção de frutos de maior qualidade. Os porta-enxertos ‘Sunki’ x ‘Benecke’, tangerineira ‘Sunki e ‘Carrizo’ tetraploide induziram média tolerância à seca inferior à ‘Cravo’ tido como padrão de tolerância. O trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ induziu baixa intensidade de brotação, menor incidência da doença e alta proporção acumulativa de sobrevivência. Porta-enxertos menos vigorosos que conferiram menor volume às copas apresentaram menor incidência de HLB, resultando em menor exposição ao vetor da bactéria causadora da doença. A capacidade das plantas enxertadas sobre o trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ apresentarem sintomas de HLB tardiamente em relação aos demais porta-enxertos estudados, pode constituir um indicativo de maior capacidade desse material tolerar o progresso da doença.
Brazil is the largest producer of oranges in the world, and the huanglongbing (HLB) is the most important and devastating disease of the world citriculture. It is present in the country, more specifically in the States of São Paulo, Paraná, and Minas Gerais and has been causing severe damage to the citriculture. Until now there are no valid curative measures in HLB control, hence verification of greater tolerance of combinations scion/rootstock front HLB may contribute to advancement in the management of the disease. This work evaluated the horticultural performance of 'Valencia' orange tree grafted on 16 citrus rootstocks and tolerance of combinations to HLB, with the objective of selecting combinations that tolerate the progress of the disease. The experiment was installed in 2011 in Bebedouro-SP, at a spacing of 6.0 x 2.5 m in the rainy season. It has a completely randomized design with 16 treatments (rootstock) and 30 replications. Survival analysis studies were performed using HLB symptom assessments The horticultural performance of the different combinations scion/rootstocks was analyzed using variables of plant growth, production, productive efficiency, fruit quality and drought tolerance. The intensity of sprouting of the plants was evaluated to correlate with the variable intensity of plants with HLB symptoms. The results showed that the superiority found for fruit production and vegetative growth for 'Carrizo' tetraploid, ‘Cleopatra’ x ‘Christian’ rootstocks was equivalent to 'Cravo' and 'Swingle' rootstocks. The rootstock trifoliate ‘Flying Dragon’ showed a good aptitude for dense cultivation, introducing low vigor and higher value production efficiency plants. Hybrids with parental P. trifoliata conferred to 'Valencia' sweet orange scion production of higher quality fruits. The ‘Sunki’ x ‘Benecke’, ‘Sunki’ and 'Carrizo tretraploid' rootstocks induced medium tolerance to drought, getting behind only 'Cravo' considered as a tolerance standard. ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate obtained low sprouting intensity, lower incidence of the disease and high cumulative proportion of survival. Less vigorous rootstocks that confer lower crown volume had a lower incidence of HLB, resulting in less exposure to the vector of the disease-causing bacteria. The ability of plants grafted on ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliata to present late HLB symptoms late compared to the other rootstocks studied, may be an indication of the more significant capacity of this material to tolerate the disease progression.
Brazil is the largest producer of oranges in the world, and the huanglongbing (HLB) is the most important and devastating disease of the world citriculture. It is present in the country, more specifically in the States of São Paulo, Paraná, and Minas Gerais and has been causing severe damage to the citriculture. Until now there are no valid curative measures in HLB control, hence verification of greater tolerance of combinations scion/rootstock front HLB may contribute to advancement in the management of the disease. This work evaluated the horticultural performance of 'Valencia' orange tree grafted on 16 citrus rootstocks and tolerance of combinations to HLB, with the objective of selecting combinations that tolerate the progress of the disease. The experiment was installed in 2011 in Bebedouro-SP, at a spacing of 6.0 x 2.5 m in the rainy season. It has a completely randomized design with 16 treatments (rootstock) and 30 replications. Survival analysis studies were performed using HLB symptom assessments The horticultural performance of the different combinations scion/rootstocks was analyzed using variables of plant growth, production, productive efficiency, fruit quality and drought tolerance. The intensity of sprouting of the plants was evaluated to correlate with the variable intensity of plants with HLB symptoms. The results showed that the superiority found for fruit production and vegetative growth for 'Carrizo' tetraploid, ‘Cleopatra’ x ‘Christian’ rootstocks was equivalent to 'Cravo' and 'Swingle' rootstocks. The rootstock trifoliate ‘Flying Dragon’ showed a good aptitude for dense cultivation, introducing low vigor and higher value production efficiency plants. Hybrids with parental P. trifoliata conferred to 'Valencia' sweet orange scion production of higher quality fruits. The ‘Sunki’ x ‘Benecke’, ‘Sunki’ and 'Carrizo tretraploid' rootstocks induced medium tolerance to drought, getting behind only 'Cravo' considered as a tolerance standard. ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate obtained low sprouting intensity, lower incidence of the disease and high cumulative proportion of survival. Less vigorous rootstocks that confer lower crown volume had a lower incidence of HLB, resulting in less exposure to the vector of the disease-causing bacteria. The ability of plants grafted on ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliata to present late HLB symptoms late compared to the other rootstocks studied, may be an indication of the more significant capacity of this material to tolerate the disease progression.
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Palavras-chave
Análise de sobrevivência, Citrus spp., Híbridos, HLB, Poncirus trifoliata, Produção e qualidade dos frutos, Survival analysis, Citrus spp., Hybrids, HLB, Poncirus trifoliate, Production and quality of fruits