Estudo de bioprocessos redutivos de sulfato e oxidativos de sulfeto visando tratamento de resíduos líquidos e gasosos
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Data
2018-03-09
Autores
Tayar, Samir Prioto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O ciclo do enxofre na natureza está diretamente relacionado a vida e por isso seu equilíbrio é de extrema importância, fazendo com que sejam necessários tratamentos dos resíduos industriais contendo enxofre, sejam eles sólidos, líquidos ou gasosos. Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos de biorreatores visando realizar o tratamento de resíduos líquidos de enxofre pelo processo de redução de sulfato e também de resíduos gasosos, o biogás contendo ácido sulfídrico, através de sua oxidação. O estudo do bioprocesso redutivo foi realizado utilizando o planejamento fatorial central composto para otimização da produção de sulfeto e eliminação de sulfato de água residuária, através das variáveis tempo de residência (Tr), concentração de sulfato inicial e relação DQO/sulfato, em biorreatores contínuos de leito fixo. Os resultados destes experimentos mostraram que a maior produção diária de sulfeto ocorre em tempo de residência de 15 horas, com relação DQO/sulfato de 2,0 e concentração inicial de sulfato superior a 3000 mg L-1. A maior porcentagem de eliminação de sulfato ocorre em tempos de residência de 25-35 horas com concentrações de sulfato inicial inferiores a 1000 mg L-1. E a maior quantidade diária de sulfato eliminada ocorre com tempo de residência de 25 horas e concentração inicial de sulfato próxima a 2250 mg L-1. O bioprocesso para oxidação de H2S utilizando biofiltro percolador contendo tiras de PVC como uma alternativa aos materiais suportes tradicionais mostrou-se capaz de realizar o tratamento do biogás da estação de tratamento de esgotos de Matão. Com tempo de residência de 4,8, 2,4 e 1,6 minutos, as porcentagens de eliminação de H2S foram 60,06 ± 13,81%, 71,89 ± 14,33 % e 89,83 ± 14,97% respectivamente. A temperatura ótima determinada para este processo foi de 35,3 a 36,7 ºC e as medidas de biogás nas alturas do biorreator mostraram que quase toda remoção de contaminante acontece no início do reator, indicando que ele tem potencial para tratar cargas muito maiores de contaminante.
The sulfur cycle in nature is directly related to life and which makes its equilibrium very important, bringing the need of treatments of solid, liquid or gaseous industrial wastes containing this element. This work present the study of bioreactors aiming to treat liquid and gaseous residues containing the sulfur element by the sulfate reducing and sulfide oxidizing processes. The reductive bioprocess study was carried out using central composite experimental design to optimize the sulfide production and sulfate elimination from wastewaters, through the optimization of retention time, initial sulfate concentration and DQO/sulfate ratio in Fixed-bed continuous bioreactors. The results of these experiments showed that higher daily sulfide production occurs in 15 hours of retention time with the DQO/sulfate ratio of 2.0 and initial sulfate concentration bigger than 3000 mg L-1. Higher sulfate elimination percentage was obtained with retention time of 25-35 hours with initial sulfate concentration lower than 1000 mg L-1. And the highest sulfate amount eliminated daily was obtained in 25 hour of retention time and 2250 mg L-1 of initial sulfate concentration. The bioprocess for H2S oxidation using biotrickling filter containing PVC stripes as an alternative support material was able to treat the biogas of the Matão sewage treatment plant. With retention time of 4.8, 2.4 and 1.6 minutes, the sulfide elimination percentage was 60,06 ± 13,81%, 71,89 ± 14,33 % e 89,83 ± 14,97% respectively. The optimum temperature range determined for this process was 35,3-36,7 ºC and the biogas measures in different heights of the bioreactor showed that the H2S was almost totally removed in the beginning of the process, showing that the system may be able to treat higher load of this contaminant.
The sulfur cycle in nature is directly related to life and which makes its equilibrium very important, bringing the need of treatments of solid, liquid or gaseous industrial wastes containing this element. This work present the study of bioreactors aiming to treat liquid and gaseous residues containing the sulfur element by the sulfate reducing and sulfide oxidizing processes. The reductive bioprocess study was carried out using central composite experimental design to optimize the sulfide production and sulfate elimination from wastewaters, through the optimization of retention time, initial sulfate concentration and DQO/sulfate ratio in Fixed-bed continuous bioreactors. The results of these experiments showed that higher daily sulfide production occurs in 15 hours of retention time with the DQO/sulfate ratio of 2.0 and initial sulfate concentration bigger than 3000 mg L-1. Higher sulfate elimination percentage was obtained with retention time of 25-35 hours with initial sulfate concentration lower than 1000 mg L-1. And the highest sulfate amount eliminated daily was obtained in 25 hour of retention time and 2250 mg L-1 of initial sulfate concentration. The bioprocess for H2S oxidation using biotrickling filter containing PVC stripes as an alternative support material was able to treat the biogas of the Matão sewage treatment plant. With retention time of 4.8, 2.4 and 1.6 minutes, the sulfide elimination percentage was 60,06 ± 13,81%, 71,89 ± 14,33 % e 89,83 ± 14,97% respectively. The optimum temperature range determined for this process was 35,3-36,7 ºC and the biogas measures in different heights of the bioreactor showed that the H2S was almost totally removed in the beginning of the process, showing that the system may be able to treat higher load of this contaminant.
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Resíduos industriais, Tecnologia de bioprocesso, Sulfetos, Biorreatores, Oxidação