Estudo randomizado do uso da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) no alívio da dor no trabalho de parto
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2018-02-23
Autores
Cappeli, Angela Juliana
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da aplicação da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) no controle da dor durante o período da dilatação do trabalho de parto. Método: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, paralelo e randomizado. Sessenta e oito parturientes com gestação única, de baixo risco, no termo, com dilatação cervical ≥ 4 cm e ≤ 7 cm e sem uso de medicação analgésica prévia. Foram randomizadas em dois grupos: TENS (n=34) e placebo (n=34) e avaliados os desfechos primários (intensidade da dor após a intervenção, grau de desconforto e grau de satisfação materna) e secundários (uso de outros métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor, fármacos no parto vaginal, taxa de cesárea e duração do trabalho de parto). A TENS foi aplicada por 30 minutos, entre T10 – L1 e S2 – S4. A intensidade da dor e o grau de desconforto foram avaliados por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) e o grau de satisfação materna por nota de 0 a 10. Considerando a diferença de 34% entre os grupos para detectar efetividade do tratamento e assumindo a margem de erro de 10% e confiabilidade de 95%, o tamanho amostral calculado foi de 34 parturientes por grupo. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente para comparação entre os grupos estudados, adotando-se o limite mínimo de significância de 95% (p<0,05) Resultados: No grupo TENS houve maior número de parturientes classificando a dor como leve/moderada (RR= 2,4; IC95%: 1,6-3,7), melhora do grau de desconforto (RR= 4,1; IC95%: 2,1-8,1), maior número de mulheres referindo plena satisfação (RR= 2,8; IC95%: 1,5-5,0) e menor taxa de cesárea (RR= 0,3; IC95%: 0,1-0,8), quando comparadas ao grupo placebo. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação ao uso de métodos não farmacológicos, farmacológicos e na duração do trabalho de parto. Conclusões: a TENS é um método eficaz na melhora da dor e com alto grau de satisfação materna, quando aplicado em parturientes de baixo risco, durante o período da dilatação, podendo ser utilizado como método não farmacológico de alivio da dor. Registro de ensaio clínico: RBR-2ZGDGJ.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the control of pain during the period of labor. Method: A clinical, parallel and randomized trial was performed. Sixty-eight parturients with single, low-risk pregnancies at term, with cervical dilatation ≥ 4 cm and ≤ 7 cm and without previous analgesic medication. They were randomized into two groups: TENS (n = 34) and placebo (n = 34) and primary outcomes (pain intensity after intervention, degree of discomfort and degree of maternal satisfaction) and secondary outcomes (use of other non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, vaginal delivery drugs, cesarean section rate and duration of labor). The TENS was applied for 30 minutes between T10 - L1 and S2 - S4. The intensity of the pain and the degree of discomfort were evaluated through the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the degree of maternal satisfaction by grade from 0 to 10. Considering the difference of 34% between the groups to detect treatment effectiveness and assuming the margin of error of 10% and reliability of 95%, the sample size calculated was 34 parturients per group. The results were statistically analyzed for comparison between the groups studied, adopting the minimum significance level of 95% (p <0.05). Results: In the TENS group, there was a higher number of parturients classifying pain as mild / moderate (RR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.7), improvement in the degree of discomfort (RR = 4.1, 95% CI, (RR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0) and lower rate of cesarean section (RR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8) when compared to the placebo group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the use of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and duration of labor methods. Conclusions: TENS is an effective method to improve pain and with a high degree of maternal satisfaction when applied to low-risk parturients during the period of dilation and can be used as a non-pharmacological method of pain relief. Trial registration: RBR-2ZGDGJ.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the control of pain during the period of labor. Method: A clinical, parallel and randomized trial was performed. Sixty-eight parturients with single, low-risk pregnancies at term, with cervical dilatation ≥ 4 cm and ≤ 7 cm and without previous analgesic medication. They were randomized into two groups: TENS (n = 34) and placebo (n = 34) and primary outcomes (pain intensity after intervention, degree of discomfort and degree of maternal satisfaction) and secondary outcomes (use of other non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, vaginal delivery drugs, cesarean section rate and duration of labor). The TENS was applied for 30 minutes between T10 - L1 and S2 - S4. The intensity of the pain and the degree of discomfort were evaluated through the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the degree of maternal satisfaction by grade from 0 to 10. Considering the difference of 34% between the groups to detect treatment effectiveness and assuming the margin of error of 10% and reliability of 95%, the sample size calculated was 34 parturients per group. The results were statistically analyzed for comparison between the groups studied, adopting the minimum significance level of 95% (p <0.05). Results: In the TENS group, there was a higher number of parturients classifying pain as mild / moderate (RR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.7), improvement in the degree of discomfort (RR = 4.1, 95% CI, (RR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0) and lower rate of cesarean section (RR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8) when compared to the placebo group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the use of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and duration of labor methods. Conclusions: TENS is an effective method to improve pain and with a high degree of maternal satisfaction when applied to low-risk parturients during the period of dilation and can be used as a non-pharmacological method of pain relief. Trial registration: RBR-2ZGDGJ.
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estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS), dor, trabalho de parto, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), pain, childbirth