Avaliação de bacia hidrográfica como unidade funcional dos recursos naturais
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Data
2018-02-19
Autores
Medeiros, Robson Luis Silva de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As atividades agropecuárias ocupam os solos sem a manutenção representativa de florestas e demais vegetações naturais, causando alterações no ciclo da água, perda de solo e da biodiversidade e mudanças climáticas. O objetivo do trabalho é estimar o tamanho de unidades funcionais dos recursos naturais da superfície terrestre em áreas agrícolas e urbanas na bacia hidrográfica e suas sub-bacias dos municípios de Altinópolis e Batatais – SP e propor o zoneamento das florestas produtivas de conservação e de desenvolvimento sustentável. Foram avaliadas 14 variáveis das sub-bacias: B1 (1ª ordem), B2 (2ª ordem), B3 (3ª ordem), B4, B5, B6 (4ª ordem) e bacia hidrográfica B (5ª ordem). A ordem foi classificada em função do canal principal. As variáveis foram mensuradas e avaliadas com o uso de sistemas de informação geográfica e análise estatística multivariada. Nos municípios estudados, a unidade funcional dos recursos naturais deve ser superior a 67 km2, podendo incluir bacias hidrográficas de 3ª, 4ª ou 5ª ordem, com integração das atividades agropecuárias e as florestas de desenvolvimento sustentável. As florestas ripárias e de interflúvio que apresentam serviços ecossistêmicos de proteção legal são componentes essenciais das unidades dos recursos naturais da superfície terrestre e apresentam funções distintas. Recomenda-se que a área de preservação permanente e a reserva legal no meio rural sejam reconhecidas, respectivamente, como vegetação ou floresta produtiva de conservação e de desenvolvimento sustentável. As florestas produtivas de desenvolvimento sustentável, para desenvolver as funções ecossistêmicas, devem estar localizadas em faixas entre as nascentes das cotas mais elevadas e o divisor da respectiva bacia, com largura superior a 100 m.
The agricultural activities occupy the soils without the representative maintenance of forests and other natural vegetation, causing changes in the water cycle, loss of soil and biodiversity and climatic changes. The objective of this work is to estimate the size of functional units of the natural resources of the terrestrial surface in agricultural and urban areas in the hydrographic basin and its sub-basins of the municipalities of Altinópolis and Batatais - SP and propose the zoning of the productive forests of conservation and development sustainable development. Were evaluated 14 variables of the sub-basins: B1 (1st order), B2 (2nd order), B3 (3rd order), B4, B5, B6 (4th order) and the total hydrographic basin - B (5th order). The order was classified according to the main channel. The variables were measured and evaluated with the use of Geographic Information Systems and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. In the municipalities studied, the functional unit of natural resources should exceed 67 km2, which may include 3rd, 4th or 5th order hydrographic basins, integrating agricultural activities and sustainable development forests. Riparian and interfluvial forests that provide ecosystem services with legal protection are essential components of the natural resources units of the terrestrial surface and have different functions. It is recommended that the permanent preservation area and the legal reserve in the rural environment be recognized, respectively, as vegetation or productive forest conservation and sustainable development. Productive forests of sustainable development, to develop ecosystem functions, should be located between the headwaters of the highest levels and the divisor of the respective basin, with a width greater than 100 m.
The agricultural activities occupy the soils without the representative maintenance of forests and other natural vegetation, causing changes in the water cycle, loss of soil and biodiversity and climatic changes. The objective of this work is to estimate the size of functional units of the natural resources of the terrestrial surface in agricultural and urban areas in the hydrographic basin and its sub-basins of the municipalities of Altinópolis and Batatais - SP and propose the zoning of the productive forests of conservation and development sustainable development. Were evaluated 14 variables of the sub-basins: B1 (1st order), B2 (2nd order), B3 (3rd order), B4, B5, B6 (4th order) and the total hydrographic basin - B (5th order). The order was classified according to the main channel. The variables were measured and evaluated with the use of Geographic Information Systems and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. In the municipalities studied, the functional unit of natural resources should exceed 67 km2, which may include 3rd, 4th or 5th order hydrographic basins, integrating agricultural activities and sustainable development forests. Riparian and interfluvial forests that provide ecosystem services with legal protection are essential components of the natural resources units of the terrestrial surface and have different functions. It is recommended that the permanent preservation area and the legal reserve in the rural environment be recognized, respectively, as vegetation or productive forest conservation and sustainable development. Productive forests of sustainable development, to develop ecosystem functions, should be located between the headwaters of the highest levels and the divisor of the respective basin, with a width greater than 100 m.
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Palavras-chave
Morfometria, floresta produtiva, Água, Solo, Morphometry, Productive forest, Water, Soil