A escolha da licenciatura em matemática na UNESP: o que dizem os ingressantes
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Data
2017-10-26
Autores
Carvalho, Luiz Fernando [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa, vinculada à linha “Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP de Presidente Prudente, foi impulsionada pelo seguinte questionamento: por que algumas pessoas ainda possuem o desejo de ingressar nos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática, mesmo diante da baixa atratividade da profissão de professor? Com o propósito de responder a tal questão, definiu-se como objetivo geral: investigar o que motiva as pessoas a escolherem o curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, bem como revelar as justificativas dadas para tal escolha. Neste sentido, foram definidos como local de pesquisa os seis cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática da UNESP, presentes nos municípios de Guaratinguetá, Bauru, Ilha Solteira Presidente Prudente, Rio Claro e São José do Rio Preto, e como participantes da investigação os estudantes que ingressaram nestes cursos no ano letivo de 2016. Para atingir o objetivo geral da investigação, foram delineados os seguintes objetivos específicos: caracterizar cada um dos seis cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática da UNESP; identificar características e analisar a atratividade dos cursos em questão; caracterizar o perfil dos estudantes participantes da pesquisa; identificar como os sujeitos da pesquisa avaliam a profissão de professor nos níveis de ensino fundamental e médio; e, por fim, descrever e analisar os fatores que foram determinantes para os sujeitos da investigação na escolha pela licenciatura em Matemática da UNESP. Optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza analítico-descritiva, do tipo survey. Durante o processo investigativo foram percorridas as seguintes etapas: imersão no tema e construção do referencial teórico; estudos dos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática da UNESP; leitura e análise dos relatórios da VUNESP referentes aos vestibulares, dos anos de 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 e 2017, dos referidos cursos; aplicação de um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas junto aos estudantes investigados; organização e análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados revelaram que os ingressantes nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática da UNESP são, em geral, pessoas com baixo poder aquisitivo e repertório cultural. Mostram, ainda, que as escolhas pelo curso de licenciatura, muitas vezes está determinada por condicionantes como a proximidade do campus com o local onde reside e o fato da universidade ser pública e reconhecida socialmente e não pela docência. Quando se pergunta de modo mais direto sobre o que motivou a escolha pela docência, evidenciam-se justificativas pessoais ou internas, como o gosto pela Matemática e um sentimento altruísta de ajudar as pessoas. Por outro lado, as justificativas dadas por aqueles licenciandos que não querem seguir a carreira docente após conclusão do curso, são vinculadas a fatores externos, como a falta de respeito de alunos pelo professor e a desvalorização salarial, corroborando com os aspectos de desprestígio da carreira docente indicada pela literatura.
This research, linked to the line “Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem” of the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP from Presidente Prudente, was stimulated by the following question: why do some people still have the desire to enter the courses of degree in Mathematics, even if the teaching profession has low attractiveness? With the purpose to answer this question, the main objective was defined: investigate what motivates people to choose the courses of degree in Mathematics, as well as reveal the reasons given to justify this choice. In this sense, six courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP, present in the counties of Guaratinguetá, Bauru, Ilha Solteira, Presidente Prudente, Rio Claro e São José do Rio Preto, were defined as the locals of the research, and, as the research participants, the students who entered this courses in the academic year of 2016. To achieve the main objective of the investigation, the following specifics objectives were delineated: to characterize each of the six courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP; identify characteristics and analyze the attractiveness of this courses; characterize the profile of the students who participated of the research; identify how the research participants evaluate the teaching profession in the levels of elementary and high school; and, to finish, describe and analyze the determinant factors that made the research participants chose the courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP. This research was chosen to be qualitative, of an analytical-descriptive nature, of the type survey. During the investigation process, the following steps were taken: immersion in the theme and construction of the theoretical referential; studies of the political-pedagogic projects of the courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP; reading and analysis of the VUNESP reports about the entrance exams, of the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 e 2017, of the mentioned courses; application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions among the investigated students; organization and analysis of the collected data. The results reveal that the entrants in the courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP are, in general, people with low purchasing power and cultural repertoire. They also show that the reason why they chose to enter in the courses of degree, were, a lot of times, determined by conditioning as the proximity of the university campus with the place they live and the fact that the university is public and is social recognized, and not because of the teaching. When they were asked directly about the reasons to choose the teaching, they used personal or internal justifications, as the fact that they like Mathematics and an altruistic feeling to help people. On the other hand, the justification given by those who doesn’t want to follow the teaching career after they graduate, are linked to external factors, as the respect lacking from the students with the teachers and wage devaluation, corroborating with the aspects of the lack of prestige of the teaching career indicated by the literature.
This research, linked to the line “Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem” of the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP from Presidente Prudente, was stimulated by the following question: why do some people still have the desire to enter the courses of degree in Mathematics, even if the teaching profession has low attractiveness? With the purpose to answer this question, the main objective was defined: investigate what motivates people to choose the courses of degree in Mathematics, as well as reveal the reasons given to justify this choice. In this sense, six courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP, present in the counties of Guaratinguetá, Bauru, Ilha Solteira, Presidente Prudente, Rio Claro e São José do Rio Preto, were defined as the locals of the research, and, as the research participants, the students who entered this courses in the academic year of 2016. To achieve the main objective of the investigation, the following specifics objectives were delineated: to characterize each of the six courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP; identify characteristics and analyze the attractiveness of this courses; characterize the profile of the students who participated of the research; identify how the research participants evaluate the teaching profession in the levels of elementary and high school; and, to finish, describe and analyze the determinant factors that made the research participants chose the courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP. This research was chosen to be qualitative, of an analytical-descriptive nature, of the type survey. During the investigation process, the following steps were taken: immersion in the theme and construction of the theoretical referential; studies of the political-pedagogic projects of the courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP; reading and analysis of the VUNESP reports about the entrance exams, of the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 e 2017, of the mentioned courses; application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions among the investigated students; organization and analysis of the collected data. The results reveal that the entrants in the courses of degree in Mathematics of UNESP are, in general, people with low purchasing power and cultural repertoire. They also show that the reason why they chose to enter in the courses of degree, were, a lot of times, determined by conditioning as the proximity of the university campus with the place they live and the fact that the university is public and is social recognized, and not because of the teaching. When they were asked directly about the reasons to choose the teaching, they used personal or internal justifications, as the fact that they like Mathematics and an altruistic feeling to help people. On the other hand, the justification given by those who doesn’t want to follow the teaching career after they graduate, are linked to external factors, as the respect lacking from the students with the teachers and wage devaluation, corroborating with the aspects of the lack of prestige of the teaching career indicated by the literature.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atratividade da carreira docente, Motivações para a escolha da profissão de professor, Escolha pela licenciatura em matemática, Attractiveness of teaching profession, Choose of the course of degree in mathematics