Preditores de gravidade na retocolite ulcerativa
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2018-02-27
Autores
Silva, Élen Farinelli de Campos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: as Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (IBD), representadas pela Doença de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU), podem evoluir com sintomas incapacitantes que comprometem a qualidade de vida de seus portadores. A identificação precoce de doença grave permite terapêutica inicial mais agressiva com menores taxas de complicações e hospitalizações, cirurgias e morte. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as variáveis associadas à necessidade de hospitalização, cirurgia de colectomia, evolução para câncer colorretal e óbito em pacientes portadores de RCU. Metodologia: foi realizado estudo observacional e retrospectivo com coleta de dados de pacientes acompanhados no Ambulatório de DII da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, totalizando 284 pacientes elegíveis. Excluímos 30 pacientes com dados faltantes, totalizando 254 pacientes analisados. As características demográficas, tabagismo, aspectos clínicos como extensão e atividade da doença, além da presença de manifestações extraintestinais (MEI), medicamentos em uso e comorbidades foram avaliados. Os defechos considerados foram necessidade de hospitalização por complicações da doença, necessidade de colectomia, evolução para câncer colorretal ou óbito. Análise estatística: análise descritiva e testes de associação. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística univariada e multivariada para avaliar as variáveis associadas ao desfecho. As variáveis de desfecho foram necessidade de hospitalização, colectomia, câncer colorretal e óbito. A curva de sobrevida foi realizada utilizando o teste Log Rank, no qual o evento inicial foi a data do diagnóstico e o evento final foi a necessidade de hospitalização, colectomia, câncer colorretal ou óbito ou o último contato com o paciente. Nível de significância p <0,05. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 46,64 (± 16,88) anos, 62,99% eram mulheres, 49,61% apresentavam pancolite e 45,68% estavam em remissão clínica. Em relação ao tabagismo, 66,40% dos pacientes eram não-fumantes, 28,06% ex-fumantes e 5,53% fumantes. MEI foi observada em 52,36% dos pacientes e 10,63% dos pacientes estavam em uso de terapia biológica. Noventa e três pacientes (29,06%) necessitaram de hospitalização. As variáveis associadas com hospitalização foram extensão pancolite, presença de colangite esclerosante primária (OR: 4,884; IC95% 1,199-19,890; p=0,02) e presença de complicações (OR: 5,34; IC95% 2,445 -11,770; p<0,0001). Vinte e quatro pacientes (9,45%) foram submetidos à cirurgia de colectomia total. A necessidade de cirurgia foi associada ao tempo de seguimento (OR: 1,074; IC95% 1,074-1,13; p=0,01). Seis pacientes (2,36%) apresentaram câncer colorretal. A presença de câncer colorretal foi associada com a idade ao diagnóstico (OR: 1,060; IC95%: 1,003-1,119; p=0,04) e tabagismo ativo (OR: 6,999; IC95%: 1,017-48,161; p=0,02). Vinte e cinco pacientes (9,84%) morreram. As variáveis associadas ao óbito foram a pontuação total do escore de Mayo (OR: 1,338; IC95%: 1,011-1,770; p=0,04), uso de prednisona (OR: 5,218; IC95%; 2,053-13,261; p=0,0005), presença de desnutrição (OR: 3,307, IC95%: 1,300-8.408, p=0,01) e a necessidade de hospitalização (OR: 3,307; IC95%: 1,462-28,195; p=0,01). Conclusões: a presença de pancolite e a presença de colangite esclerosante primária foram associadas à necessidade de hospitalização. A presença de câncer colorretal foi associada ao tabagismo. As variáveis associadas ao óbito foram relacionadas com a atividade da doença, como a pontuação total do escore de Mayo, o uso de prednisona, a presença de desnutrição e a necessidade de hospitalização.
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), represented by Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), can evolve with disabling symptoms that compromise the patients quality of life. The early identification of severe disease allows a more aggressive therapeutic approach with a lower risk of complications and lower rates of hospitalizations, surgeries and death. The objective of the present study was to identify the variables associated with the need for hospitalization, need for colectomy, presence of colorectal cancer and death occurrence in UC patients. Methodology: An observational and retrospective study was carried out collecting data from patients from Botucatu Medical School, totalizing 284 eligible patients. We excluded 30 patients with insufficient data, totalizing 254 analyzed. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, clinical aspects of the disease as extension and disease activity, besides presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), medications in use and comorbidities were evaluated. The severity criteria considered were hospitalization due to disease complication, need for colectomy, and evolution to colorectal cancer or death. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis and association tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to study the variables associated with the outcome. The outcome variables were hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer and death. Survival analysis was performed using the Log Rank test, in which the initial event was the date of diagnosis and the final events were the need for hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer or death or the last contact with the patient. Significance level p <0.05. The local Ethic Committee approved the study. Results: Two hundred and fifty-four UC patients were evaluated. The mean age was 46.64 (±16.88)y, 62.99% were women, 49.61% presented pancolitis and 45.68% were in clinical remission. Regarding current smoking, 66.40% of the patients were non-smokers, 28.06% ex-smokers and 5.53% smokers. EIM was observed in 52.36% of the patients and 10.63% of them was receiving biological therapy. Ninety-three patients (29.06%) required hospitalization and it was associated with pancolitis extension, presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR:4.884; IC95% 1.199- 19.890; p=0.02) and presence of complications (OR:5.364; IC95% 2.445-11.770; p<0.0001). Twenty-four patients (9.45%) underwent total colectomy. The need for surgery was associated with follow-up time (OR:1.074; IC95% 1.074-1.138; p=0.01). Six patients (2.36%) presented colorectal cancer. The presence of colorectal cancer was associated with age at diagnosis (OR:1.060; 95%CI 1.003- 1.119; p=0.04) and current smoking (OR:6,999; 95%CI 1.017-48.161; p=0.02). Twenty-five patients (9.84%) died. The variables associated with death were the total Mayo Score (OR:1.338; 95%CI 1.011-1.770; p=0.04), prednisone use (OR:5.218; 95%CI 2.053-13.261; p=0.0005), presence of malnutrition (OR:3.307, 95%CI:1.300-8.408, p=0.01), and the need for hospitalization (OR:3.307; 95%CI:1.462-28.195; p=0.01). Conclusions: The presence of pancolitis and the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis were associated with the need for hospitalization. The presence of colorectal cancer was associated with current smoking. The variables associated with death were related with disease activity, such as the total Mayo Score, prednisone use, presence of malnutrition and the need for hospitalization.
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), represented by Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), can evolve with disabling symptoms that compromise the patients quality of life. The early identification of severe disease allows a more aggressive therapeutic approach with a lower risk of complications and lower rates of hospitalizations, surgeries and death. The objective of the present study was to identify the variables associated with the need for hospitalization, need for colectomy, presence of colorectal cancer and death occurrence in UC patients. Methodology: An observational and retrospective study was carried out collecting data from patients from Botucatu Medical School, totalizing 284 eligible patients. We excluded 30 patients with insufficient data, totalizing 254 analyzed. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, clinical aspects of the disease as extension and disease activity, besides presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), medications in use and comorbidities were evaluated. The severity criteria considered were hospitalization due to disease complication, need for colectomy, and evolution to colorectal cancer or death. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis and association tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to study the variables associated with the outcome. The outcome variables were hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer and death. Survival analysis was performed using the Log Rank test, in which the initial event was the date of diagnosis and the final events were the need for hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer or death or the last contact with the patient. Significance level p <0.05. The local Ethic Committee approved the study. Results: Two hundred and fifty-four UC patients were evaluated. The mean age was 46.64 (±16.88)y, 62.99% were women, 49.61% presented pancolitis and 45.68% were in clinical remission. Regarding current smoking, 66.40% of the patients were non-smokers, 28.06% ex-smokers and 5.53% smokers. EIM was observed in 52.36% of the patients and 10.63% of them was receiving biological therapy. Ninety-three patients (29.06%) required hospitalization and it was associated with pancolitis extension, presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR:4.884; IC95% 1.199- 19.890; p=0.02) and presence of complications (OR:5.364; IC95% 2.445-11.770; p<0.0001). Twenty-four patients (9.45%) underwent total colectomy. The need for surgery was associated with follow-up time (OR:1.074; IC95% 1.074-1.138; p=0.01). Six patients (2.36%) presented colorectal cancer. The presence of colorectal cancer was associated with age at diagnosis (OR:1.060; 95%CI 1.003- 1.119; p=0.04) and current smoking (OR:6,999; 95%CI 1.017-48.161; p=0.02). Twenty-five patients (9.84%) died. The variables associated with death were the total Mayo Score (OR:1.338; 95%CI 1.011-1.770; p=0.04), prednisone use (OR:5.218; 95%CI 2.053-13.261; p=0.0005), presence of malnutrition (OR:3.307, 95%CI:1.300-8.408, p=0.01), and the need for hospitalization (OR:3.307; 95%CI:1.462-28.195; p=0.01). Conclusions: The presence of pancolitis and the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis were associated with the need for hospitalization. The presence of colorectal cancer was associated with current smoking. The variables associated with death were related with disease activity, such as the total Mayo Score, prednisone use, presence of malnutrition and the need for hospitalization.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
gravidade, paciente, colectomia, câncer, colorretal, óbito, retocolite ulcerativa, patient’s severity, colectomy, colorectal cancer, death, ulcerative colitis