De "dentro" e de "fora" do Estado: um estudo sobre percepções e práticas do Bolsa Família
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Floriano, Guilherme de Matos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente texto trata de uma pesquisa sobre o Programa Bolsa Família, política pública brasileira que efetua transferência direta de renda às famílias consideradas como economicamente vulneráveis. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é, percebendo o Bolsa Família de um local central entre beneficiários e o Estado, olhar para ambas as facetas do programa, os que estão do lado de “dentro” e os que estão do lado de “fora” do Estado, para uma compreensão mais ampla da política. A partir da antropologia simétrica, em busca de registrar as percepções e opiniões sobre a prática do PBF, objetiva-se colocá-las em simetria para alargar o espaço de entendimento do PBF, sendo este chave para a sua compreensão. Para tanto, foi visitada uma bibliografia ampla acerca da política pública, bem como foi etnografado um dos CRAS da cidade de Araraquara de modo que permitiu compreender o fluxo de informações e o funcionamento do programa ao mesmo tempo em que foram acompanhadas reuniões de grupo neste CRAS e foram entrevistados funcionários e beneficiárias do programa, visando indagar suas percepções a respeito do programa e sua prática buscando a visão que estes possuem do PBF. Assim, concluiu-se que o PBF enquanto um programa de transferência direta de renda impacta diversamente na sociedade brasileira e possui um forte potencial ampliador de cidadania, ao mesmo tempo em que – e exatamente por isso –, se constitui enquanto um exemplo de dádiva entre as sociedades modernas.
This article deals with a research on the Bolsa Família Program, a Brazilian public policy that directly transfers income to families considered to be economically vulnerable. The main objective of this work is to perceive Bolsa Familia from a central location between beneficiaries and the State, to look at both facets of the program, those on the “inside” and those on the "outside" of the State, for a broader understanding of this politics. From the symmetrical anthropology, in order to register the perceptions and opinions about the practice of the PBF, it aims to place them in symmetry to broaden the space of understanding of the PBF, being this key to its understanding. In order to do so, a wide bibliography on public policy was visited, as well as an ethnography of one of the CRAS of the city of Araraquara in a way that allowed to understand the information flow and the operation of the program while being accompanied group meetings in this CRAS and were interviewed employees and beneficiaries of the program, seeking to inquire their perceptions about the program and its practice seeking their vision of the PBF. Thus, it was concluded that the PBF as a direct income transfer program has a diverse impact on Brazilian society and has a strong potential for broadening citizenship, at the same time as - and precisely because of this - it constitutes an example of a gift between modern societies.
This article deals with a research on the Bolsa Família Program, a Brazilian public policy that directly transfers income to families considered to be economically vulnerable. The main objective of this work is to perceive Bolsa Familia from a central location between beneficiaries and the State, to look at both facets of the program, those on the “inside” and those on the "outside" of the State, for a broader understanding of this politics. From the symmetrical anthropology, in order to register the perceptions and opinions about the practice of the PBF, it aims to place them in symmetry to broaden the space of understanding of the PBF, being this key to its understanding. In order to do so, a wide bibliography on public policy was visited, as well as an ethnography of one of the CRAS of the city of Araraquara in a way that allowed to understand the information flow and the operation of the program while being accompanied group meetings in this CRAS and were interviewed employees and beneficiaries of the program, seeking to inquire their perceptions about the program and its practice seeking their vision of the PBF. Thus, it was concluded that the PBF as a direct income transfer program has a diverse impact on Brazilian society and has a strong potential for broadening citizenship, at the same time as - and precisely because of this - it constitutes an example of a gift between modern societies.
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Palavras-chave
Programa Bolsa Família, Dádiva, Simetria