São precoces as alterações histológicas meníngeas desencadeadas pela introdução do pigmento da tatuagem após punção subaracnoidea?
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2018-02-21
Autores
Cabral, Isabela Leite Ferraz
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Justificativa e objetivo: o hábito de tatuar o corpo faz parte da cultura de muitos povos no mundo. A partir do início dos anos 1990, passou a ser utilizada por alguns grupos sociais e em faixa etária determinada como uma forma de arte no corpo. Os pigmentos podem conter componentes orgânicos e inorgânicos, metais e solventes. Há grande variação na composição química destes, o que dá origem às diferentes cores. Pouco se conhece sobre as possíveis implicações da introdução de uma agulha para realização de anestesia regional sobre uma pele tatuada. Alguns autores questionam se o pigmento contido na tatuagem pode desencadear aracnoidite química. Estudo experimental determinou infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmacitário perivascular nas meninges de coelhos, 6 meses após punção subaracnoidea sobre pele tatuada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar se a punção subaracnoidea realizada sobre a pele tatuada de coelhos ocasiona alterações histológicas precoces nas meninges. Material e Métodos: após a aprovação da Comissão de Ética e Pesquisa no Uso de Animais, foram utilizados 28 coelhos adultos jovens, da raça Grupo Genético de Botucatu, com pesos entre 3300 e 5400g e comprimento de medula espinal (espaço medido entre a base do crânio e o espaço lombossacral) entre 38 e 41 cm, fornecidos pelo Biotério da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Os animais foram divididos em 2 grupos (G): G1- punção subaracnoidea sobre tatuagem e injeção de solução salina a 0,9% e G2 - punção subaracnoidea sobre pele não tatuada e injeção de solução salina a 0,9%. Após anestesia venosa com xilazina e cetamina, os animais de G1 foram tatuados e, após 30 dias, sob a mesma anestesia, foi realizada a abordagem do espaço subaracnoideo, com agulha de Quincke 22G 21/2”, no espaço intervertebral entre a primeira e a segunda vértebra sacral, guiada por ultrassom. Os animais de G1 e G2 receberam as soluções correspondentes em volume de 5 μL por centímetro de medula espinal (aproximadamente 0,2 mL). Os animais foram avaliados clinicamente quanto à sensibilidade e à motricidade por 30 dias, após os quais foram sacrificados e retiradas as porções lombar e sacral da medula espinhal para exame histológico por microscopia óptica. Resultados: onze animais (78,6%) de G1 apresentaram lesões histológicas focais na pia-máter e aracnoide. Nos animais de G2 não foram encontradas alterações histológicas no tecido nervoso, nos vasos sanguíneos ou nas meninges. Conclusão: são precoces as alterações histológicas meníngeas desencadeadas pela introdução do pigmento da tatuagem após punção subaracnoidea.
Background: body tattooing is cultural for many people around the world. Since the early 1990s, it began to be used by some social groups and some age groups as a body art. The pigments may contain organic and inorganic components, metals and solvents. There is a great variation in the chemical composition of these pigments and that is why they produce different colors. We don’t know the possible implications of introducing a needle for performing regional anesthesia on a tattooed skin. Some authors question whether the pigment contained in the tattoo can trigger chemical arachnoiditis. One experimental study showed perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate in rabbit meninges, 6 months after subarachnoid puncture on tattooed skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the subarachnoid puncture performed on the tattooed skin of rabbits already causes early histological changes in the meninges. Material and Methods: after Ethics Committee’s approval, it was used 28 young adult rabbits from Botucatu’s genetic group. The rabbits weights were between 3000 and 4500g and the length of spine (space measured from the base of the skull to lumbosacral space) were between 38 and 41 cm provided by the Medical Center of Botucatu Medical School. The animals were divided into 2 groups (G): in G1 group there was a subarachnoid puncture on tattooing and injection of 0.9% saline solution while in G2 group there was a subarachnoid puncture on non-tattooed skin and injection of 0.9% saline solution. After venous anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine, the G1 animals were tattooed. After 30 days, under the same anesthesia, the subarachnoid space were accessed, with Quincke's Needle 22G 21/2” , in the intervertebral space between the first and second sacral vertebra. All the procedure was ultrasound guided. The rabbits of G1 and G2 groups received the corresponding volume solutions of 5 μl per centimeter of spinal cord (approximately 0.2 mL). The animals were clinically assessed for sensitivity and motor function for 30 days. After that, they were sacrificed and the lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord were removed for histological examination by light microscopy. Results: eleven animals (78.6%) of G1 group had focal histological lesions in the pia mater and arachnoid. No histological changes were found in nervous tissue, blood vessels or meninges on G2 group. Conclusions: early meningeal histological changes are triggered by introduction of tattoo pigment into central nervous system after subarachnoid puncture.
Background: body tattooing is cultural for many people around the world. Since the early 1990s, it began to be used by some social groups and some age groups as a body art. The pigments may contain organic and inorganic components, metals and solvents. There is a great variation in the chemical composition of these pigments and that is why they produce different colors. We don’t know the possible implications of introducing a needle for performing regional anesthesia on a tattooed skin. Some authors question whether the pigment contained in the tattoo can trigger chemical arachnoiditis. One experimental study showed perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate in rabbit meninges, 6 months after subarachnoid puncture on tattooed skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the subarachnoid puncture performed on the tattooed skin of rabbits already causes early histological changes in the meninges. Material and Methods: after Ethics Committee’s approval, it was used 28 young adult rabbits from Botucatu’s genetic group. The rabbits weights were between 3000 and 4500g and the length of spine (space measured from the base of the skull to lumbosacral space) were between 38 and 41 cm provided by the Medical Center of Botucatu Medical School. The animals were divided into 2 groups (G): in G1 group there was a subarachnoid puncture on tattooing and injection of 0.9% saline solution while in G2 group there was a subarachnoid puncture on non-tattooed skin and injection of 0.9% saline solution. After venous anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine, the G1 animals were tattooed. After 30 days, under the same anesthesia, the subarachnoid space were accessed, with Quincke's Needle 22G 21/2” , in the intervertebral space between the first and second sacral vertebra. All the procedure was ultrasound guided. The rabbits of G1 and G2 groups received the corresponding volume solutions of 5 μl per centimeter of spinal cord (approximately 0.2 mL). The animals were clinically assessed for sensitivity and motor function for 30 days. After that, they were sacrificed and the lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord were removed for histological examination by light microscopy. Results: eleven animals (78.6%) of G1 group had focal histological lesions in the pia mater and arachnoid. No histological changes were found in nervous tissue, blood vessels or meninges on G2 group. Conclusions: early meningeal histological changes are triggered by introduction of tattoo pigment into central nervous system after subarachnoid puncture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
medula espinhal, pigmento da tatuagem, punção subaracnoidea, toxicidade meningea, coelho, neurotoxicidade, rabbit, spinal cord, neurotoxicity, tattoo pigment, subarachnoid puncture, meningeal toxicity