Interação genótipos por épocas de semeadura de feijoeiro comum em relação a doenças foliares em cerrados de baixa altitude
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Data
2018-02-22
Autores
Rossetto, João Édino
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma das principais fontes alimentares no Brasil, agregado tanto por valores culturais como nutricionais. Seu cultivo pode ser encontrado pequenos e grandes produtores, e em diferentes níveis tecnológicos, e se estende por todo o território Nacional. O potencial produtivo do feijoeiro está em muito ligada a sanidade de plantas, tendo os patógenos como os principais responsáveis pelas quedas em produção. O trabalho objetivou verificar a interação genótipo x ambiente, procedendo com a estratificação ambiental de épocas de semeadura afim de recomendar a melhor época que possibilite a discriminação entre os genótipos e a seleção dos genótipos mais adaptados e estáveis em relação ao ataque de Mancha Angular e Crestamento Bacteriano Comum em cerrado de baixa altitude. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no período de: Junho, Agosto, Outubro e Dezembro de 2015 e Março e Abril de 2016, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (FEIS), situada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, onde foram usados 20 genótipos, sendo 5 deles comerciais, IAC – Una, IAC – Imperador, IAC – Formoso, IAC – Milênio, IAC – Alvorada; e 15 provenientes do programa de melhoramento da FEIS. Para a fonte de variação “ambiente” foram utilizadas as seis épocas de semeadura. Os caracteres avaliados foram: incidência de Crestamento Bacteriano Comum e Mancha Angular. Os parâmetros genéticos e componentes de variância foram obtidos pelo procedimento REML/BLUP. As metodologias MHPRVG (Média Harmônica da Performance Relativa dos Valores Genéticos), AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) e Dendograma baseado na distância de Mahalanobis foram utilizadas para estudo estratificação ambiental, estabilidade e adaptabilidade. Os resultados apontaram que houve interação entre genótipos e ambientes, gerando ambientes favoráveis e não favoráveis a incidência de Mancha Angular e Crestamento Bacteriano Comum. Foi possível detectar os ambientes (épocas) que proporcionaram boa discriminação dos genótipos (A1, junho de 2015 e A6, abril de 2016) e os melhores genótipos para estabilidade e tolerância simultânea (G11 e G5).
Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main food sources in Brazil, aggregated both by cultural and nutritional values. Its cultivation can be found both small and large producers, and at different technological levels, and extends throughout the national territory. The productive potential of the bean plant is closely related to plant health, with pathogens being the main cause of falls in production. The objective of this work was to verify the genotype x environment interaction, proceeding with the environmental stratification of sowing times in order to recommend the best season that allows discrimination between the genotypes and the selection of the most adapted and stable genotypes in relation to the attack of angular spot and blight bacterial in cerrado of low altitude. The experiments were conducted in the period of: June, August, October and December of 2015 and March and April of 2016, in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (FEIS), located in the municipality of Selvíria-MS . The experimental design was randomized blocks, where 20 genotypes were used, 5 of them commercial, IAC - Una, IAC - Imperador, IAC - Formoso, IAC - Milênio, IAC - Alvorada; and 15 from the FEIS breeding program. For the "environment" variation source, the six sowing times were used. The evaluated characters were: incidence of Bacterial and Angular Spotting. The genetic parameters and variance components were obtained by the REML / BLUP procedure. The methodologies MHPRVG (Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values), AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and Dendogram based on Mahalanobis distance were used to study environmental stratification, stability and adaptability. The results indicated that there was interaction between genotypes and environments, generating favorable environments and not favoring the incidence of Angular Spot and Bacterial Crust. It was possible to detect the environments (seasons) that provided good discrimination of the genotypes (A1, June 2015 and A6, April 2016) and the best genotypes for stability and simultaneous tolerance (G11 and G5).
Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main food sources in Brazil, aggregated both by cultural and nutritional values. Its cultivation can be found both small and large producers, and at different technological levels, and extends throughout the national territory. The productive potential of the bean plant is closely related to plant health, with pathogens being the main cause of falls in production. The objective of this work was to verify the genotype x environment interaction, proceeding with the environmental stratification of sowing times in order to recommend the best season that allows discrimination between the genotypes and the selection of the most adapted and stable genotypes in relation to the attack of angular spot and blight bacterial in cerrado of low altitude. The experiments were conducted in the period of: June, August, October and December of 2015 and March and April of 2016, in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (FEIS), located in the municipality of Selvíria-MS . The experimental design was randomized blocks, where 20 genotypes were used, 5 of them commercial, IAC - Una, IAC - Imperador, IAC - Formoso, IAC - Milênio, IAC - Alvorada; and 15 from the FEIS breeding program. For the "environment" variation source, the six sowing times were used. The evaluated characters were: incidence of Bacterial and Angular Spotting. The genetic parameters and variance components were obtained by the REML / BLUP procedure. The methodologies MHPRVG (Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values), AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and Dendogram based on Mahalanobis distance were used to study environmental stratification, stability and adaptability. The results indicated that there was interaction between genotypes and environments, generating favorable environments and not favoring the incidence of Angular Spot and Bacterial Crust. It was possible to detect the environments (seasons) that provided good discrimination of the genotypes (A1, June 2015 and A6, April 2016) and the best genotypes for stability and simultaneous tolerance (G11 and G5).
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Palavras-chave
AMMI, Distância de Mahalanobis, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Mahalanobis distance