As relações de gênero em Aristófanes: um estudo das esposas legítimas na sociedade ateniense (Sécs. V-IV a.C.)
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Data
2017-12-11
Autores
Aniceto, Bárbara Alexandre
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tradicionalmente reduzida a um impulso exclusivo de comicidade, a inserção de personagens femininas nas comédias de Aristófanes foi lida por alguns historiadores como uma preocupação do teatrólogo em ridicularizar a imagem da mulher grega. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre a leitura das peças Lisístrata (411 a.C.), As Tesmoforiantes (411 a.C.) e Assembleia de Mulheres (392 a.C.), encenadas no contexto da Guerra do Peloponeso e posterior derrota de Atenas, formulamos a hipótese de que a esposa legítima foi representada como mantenedora da cidade ateniense, uma vez que percebemos a ênfase em sua importância cívica por ser considerada um veículo justo de crítica nas peças aristofânicas. Ao problematizar os acontecimentos e decisões políticas de seu período, o comediógrafo o fez inserindo mulheres ativas em suas obras, responsáveis por aconselhar seus maridos sobre aquilo que julgavam prejudicial à pólis. Pela lei de Péricles, vigente a partir de meados do V século a.C., eram essas mulheres ativas que carregavam o compromisso de reproduzir cidadãos atenienses, contribuindo para a manutenção da lógica democrática clássica. Em nossa visão, o poeta publicita a faceta atuante e interventora do feminino justamente porque ela estava calcada na legitimidade da transmissão da cidadania. Pautados na análise da documentação textual e na História de Gênero, pretendemos compreender a participação feminina, especificamente das esposas legítimas, na sociedade ateniense do V e início do IV séculos a.C., pela problematização da relação entre o feminino e o masculino, bem como enfatizar a possibilidade do papel feminino ativo.
Traditionally reduced to an exclusive comicality impulse, the insertion of female characters in the comedies of Aristophanes was read by some historians as a concern of the playwright in ridiculing the image of Greek woman. When we dive into the reading of Lysistrata (411 BC), Thesmophoriazusae (411 BC) and Assemblywomen (392 BC), staged in the context of the Peloponnesian War and subsequent defeat of Athens, we formulated the hypothesis that the legitimate wife was represented as maintainer of the Athenian city, since we perceive the emphasis in her civic importance as a righteous vehicle of criticism in Aristophanes‘ plots. In problematizing the occurrences and political decisions of his period, the playwright did it inserting active women in his plots; they were responsible for advising their husbands on what they judged to be harmful to the polis. By the law of Pericles, valid since the middle of the fifth century BC, these active women were committed to reproducing Athenian citizens, contributing to the maintenance of the classical democratic logic. In our view, the poet shows the acting and intervening facet of the feminine precisely because it was based on the legitimacy citizenship transmission. Based on the analysis of the textual documentation and on Gender History, we intend to understand the feminine participation, specifically of the legitimate wives, in the Athenian society of the fifth and beginning of the fourth centuries BC, by problematizing the relation between the feminine and the masculine, as well as emphasizing the possibility of the active feminine role.
Traditionally reduced to an exclusive comicality impulse, the insertion of female characters in the comedies of Aristophanes was read by some historians as a concern of the playwright in ridiculing the image of Greek woman. When we dive into the reading of Lysistrata (411 BC), Thesmophoriazusae (411 BC) and Assemblywomen (392 BC), staged in the context of the Peloponnesian War and subsequent defeat of Athens, we formulated the hypothesis that the legitimate wife was represented as maintainer of the Athenian city, since we perceive the emphasis in her civic importance as a righteous vehicle of criticism in Aristophanes‘ plots. In problematizing the occurrences and political decisions of his period, the playwright did it inserting active women in his plots; they were responsible for advising their husbands on what they judged to be harmful to the polis. By the law of Pericles, valid since the middle of the fifth century BC, these active women were committed to reproducing Athenian citizens, contributing to the maintenance of the classical democratic logic. In our view, the poet shows the acting and intervening facet of the feminine precisely because it was based on the legitimacy citizenship transmission. Based on the analysis of the textual documentation and on Gender History, we intend to understand the feminine participation, specifically of the legitimate wives, in the Athenian society of the fifth and beginning of the fourth centuries BC, by problematizing the relation between the feminine and the masculine, as well as emphasizing the possibility of the active feminine role.
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História da Grécia Antiga, Comédia Aristofânica, Relações de Gênero, Esposas legítimas, History of Ancient Greek, Aristophanic Comedy, Gender Relations, Legitimate wives