Caracterização de atributos físico-hídricos do solo sob diferentes tipos de vegetação
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Data
2018-01-19
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O solo e seus atributos específicos são capazes de fornecer informações relevantes para o diagnóstico do ambiente, de sua estrutura florestal e climática. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar de forma descritiva os atributos físico-hídricos do solo com diferentes tipos de vegetação sob as mesmas condições climáticas e condições controladas, ao longo do ano. A hipótese é que as propriedades físico-hídricas do solo se alteram com os diferentes tipos de vegetação estabelecidos em longo prazo. O estudo foi realizado em solo sob condição de lisímetros estabelecidos há mais de 30 anos com as espécies: Paspalum notatum (gramínea), Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus urophylla e em uma área com Floresta Atlântica, sendo classificada como Ombrófila Densa Alto-Montana, no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Núcleo Cunha, São Paulo. O solo é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, de textura média. A coleta foi realizada em anéis volumétricos em três camadas: 0,00 – 0,05 m, 0,30 – 0,35 m e 0,50 - 0,55 cm, nos meses de março, junho, setembro e dezembro. Foram realizadas as comparações considerando densidade do solo, densidade de partículas, porosidade total, umidade do solo e armazenamento de água no solo e armazenamento acumulado de água no perfil do solo. Foi observada uma maior capacidade de armazenamento de água no solo para os meses com as menores precipitações na Floresta Atlântica, considerando que esta vegetação apresentou melhores condições para manter a água no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera por mais tempo no ambiente. O Pinus elliottii apresentou os menores valores de umidade de armazenamento de água no solo para todos os meses avaliados. Houve diferenças significativas pelo teste Tukey ao nível de significância 5% para os atributos físico-hídricos do solo entre os diferentes tipos de vegetação nos meses avaliados. Pode-se citar que a metodologia utilizada é simples e de baixo custo, porém capaz de fornecer informações relevantes para formação de um banco de dados sobre os atributos físico-hídricos do solo inseridos sob diferentes tipos de vegetação.
The soil and its specific attributes are capable of providing relevant information for the diagnosis of the environment, its forest and climatic structure. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to compare in a descriptive way the physical-water attributes of the soil with different vegetation types under the same climatic conditions and controlled conditions, throughout the year. The hypothesis is that the physical-water properties of the soil change with the different types of vegetation established in the long term. The study was carried out in soil under lysimeters established for more than 30 years with the species: Paspalum notatum (grass), Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus urophylla and in an area with Atlantic Forest, being classified as Ombrophilous Dense Alto-Montana, in the Park State of Serra do Mar - Cunha, São Paulo. The soil is classified as Red-Yellow Latosol, of medium texture. The collection was performed in volumetric rings in three layers: 0,00 - 0,05 m, 0,30 - 0,35 m and 0,50 - 0,55 cm, in the months of March, June, September and December. The comparisons were made considering soil density, particle density, total porosity, soil moisture and water storage in the soil and accumulated water storage in the soil profile. A higher soil water storage capacity was observed for the months with the lowest rainfall in the Atlantic Forest, considering that this vegetation presented better conditions to maintain water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system for longer in the environment. The Pinus elliottii presented the lowest moisture storage values of water in the soil for all evaluated months. There were significant differences by the Tukey test at the 5% significance level of the soil physical-hydric attributes among the different types of vegetation in the evaluated months. It can be mentioned that the methodology used is simple and in low cost, but able to provide relevant information for the development of a database on soil physical-hydric attributes inserted under different types of vegetation.
The soil and its specific attributes are capable of providing relevant information for the diagnosis of the environment, its forest and climatic structure. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to compare in a descriptive way the physical-water attributes of the soil with different vegetation types under the same climatic conditions and controlled conditions, throughout the year. The hypothesis is that the physical-water properties of the soil change with the different types of vegetation established in the long term. The study was carried out in soil under lysimeters established for more than 30 years with the species: Paspalum notatum (grass), Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus urophylla and in an area with Atlantic Forest, being classified as Ombrophilous Dense Alto-Montana, in the Park State of Serra do Mar - Cunha, São Paulo. The soil is classified as Red-Yellow Latosol, of medium texture. The collection was performed in volumetric rings in three layers: 0,00 - 0,05 m, 0,30 - 0,35 m and 0,50 - 0,55 cm, in the months of March, June, September and December. The comparisons were made considering soil density, particle density, total porosity, soil moisture and water storage in the soil and accumulated water storage in the soil profile. A higher soil water storage capacity was observed for the months with the lowest rainfall in the Atlantic Forest, considering that this vegetation presented better conditions to maintain water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system for longer in the environment. The Pinus elliottii presented the lowest moisture storage values of water in the soil for all evaluated months. There were significant differences by the Tukey test at the 5% significance level of the soil physical-hydric attributes among the different types of vegetation in the evaluated months. It can be mentioned that the methodology used is simple and in low cost, but able to provide relevant information for the development of a database on soil physical-hydric attributes inserted under different types of vegetation.
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Palavras-chave
atributos do solo, relações hídricas, água no solo, lisímetros