Farinha de algas marinhas (schizochytrium sp.) e vitamina E na alimentação de cordeiros confinados
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2018-03-02
Autores
Silva, Leonardo Guimarães
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos. No estudo 1, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de farinha de algas marinhas Schizochytrium sp. associada ou não a vitamina E, na dieta de cordeiros Ile de France, sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, desempenho, balanço de nitrogênio, comportamento ingestivo e características quantitativas de carcaça, realizados no Laboratório de Produção Ovina pertencente ao Departamento de Zootecnia da FCAV, Unesp, Campus Jaboticabal, SP. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros Ile de France, machos não castrados, com peso inicial de 20,0 ± 0,2 kg recebendo as dietas: CO = silagem de milho + concentrado; FA = silagem de milho + concentrado com 4% de farinha de algas marinhas; VE = silagem de milho + concentrado contendo 1000 mg de vitamina E e FAVE = silagem de milho + concentrado contendo 4% de farinha de algas marinhas e 1000 mg de vitamina E, com base na matéria seca (MS), e relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60, fornecidos às 7 e 17 h, até atingirem o peso de abate de 35,0 ± 0,2 kg. As avaliações de digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio foram realizadas em gaiolas de metabolismo quando os animais atingiram 27 kg de peso corporal, representando a média de peso de entrada e saída no confinamento. Os parâmetros quantitativos da carcaça foram obtidos após abate humanitário dos animais. No estudo 2, foram avaliados parâmetros ruminais in vitro, tendo como variáveis pH, nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), realizados na Unidade Animal de Estudos Digestivos e Metabólicos da mesma unidade universitária. Foram usados oito ovinos canulados adultos da raça Santa Inês, castrados, com peso corporal médio de 50,0 kg, como doadores do líquido ruminal, sendo dois animais por dieta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições para o estudo um e quatro tratamentos e seis repetições para o estudo dois, com auxílio do programa estatístico SAS versão 9.2, e comparações das médias pelo teste Tukey a 5% de significância. O consumo de nutrientes, desempenho, balanço aparente de nitrogênio, parâmetros quantitativos de carcaça, medidas no músculo Longissimus e tamanho de cortes não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as dietas. A inclusão de farinha de algas marinhas e vitamina E resultaram em maior (P<0,05) digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). O comportamento ingestivo diferiu para as variáveis ócio, número de bolos ruminados (NBR), número de mastigação (NM), tempo de mastigação (TM) e número de mastigação diária (NMD). Os parâmetros ruminais in vitro, pH, N-NH3 e AGCC variaram (P<0,05) segundo os tratamentos, com pH superior (<0,05) para o tratamento com inclusão de vitamina E (VE). O N-NH3, foi superior (<0,05) para o tratamento com inclusão de farinha de algas (FA). Quando avaliado o AGCC, o ácido acético foi superior (<0,05) no tratamento sem inclusão de farinha de algas ou vitamina E (CO), e o ácido propiônico superior (<0,05) no tratamento apenas com inclusão de farinha de algas (FA). A inclusão de farinha de algas marinhas associadas ou não a vitamina E, se mostrou alternativa para nutrição de cordeiros confinados, melhorando a digestibilidade aparente do EE, FDN e FDA, comportamento ingestivo e parâmetros ruminais in vitro.
The research was divided into two studies. In study 1, the aim was to evaluate the effect of feeding marine algae meal Schizochytrium sp. associated or not with vitamin E to Ile de France lambs, on intake, digestibility, performance, nitrogen balance, feeding behavior, and quantitative carcass traits. The study was performed at the Sheep Production Laboratory belonging to the Animal Science Department of FCAV, Unesp - Jaboticabal, SP. A total of 32 intact Ile de France male lambs with an initial weight of 20.0 ± 0.2 kg were fed the following diets: CO = corn silage + concentrate; SM = corn silage + concentrate with 4% marine algae meal; VE = corn silage + concentrate containing 1000 mg of vitamin E, and SMVE = corn silage + concentrate containing 4% marine algae meal and 1000 mg vitamin E, on a dry matter basis, at a forage:concentrate ratio of 40:60, supplied at 7 a.m. and 5 p.m., until the lambs reached the slaughter weight of 35.0 ± 0.2 kg. The digestibility and nitrogen balance evaluations were performed in metabolism cages when the animals reached 27 kg of body weight, representing the average weight at feedlot entry. The quantitative carcass parameters were obtained after humane slaughtering. In study 2, the following in vitro ruminal parameters were evaluated: pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), performed at the Animal Unit of Digestive and Metabolic Studies belonging to the same university. Eight castrated Santa Inês adult sheep, cannulated, with a mean body weight of 50.0 kg were used as donors of ruminal fluid, being two animals per diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replications for the study 1, and four treatments and six replications for the study 2, using the SAS statistical software version 9.2. The averages were compared by Tukey’s test 5% at significance. Nutrient intake, performance, apparent nitrogen balance, quantitative carcass parameters, measurements on Longissimus muscle, and the size of meat cuts did not differ (P>0.05) between diets. The inclusion of marine algae meal and vitamin E resulted in higher (P<0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Feeding behavior differed for the variables idleness, number of boli ruminated (NBR), chewing number (CN), chewing time (CT), and daily chewing number (DCN). The in vitro ruminal parameters pH, N-NH3, and SCFA varied (P<0.05) according to the treatment, with higher pH (<0.05) when vitamin E was used (VE). N-NH3 was higher (<0.05) for the treatment with inclusion of marine algae meal (SM). For the SCFA, acetic acid was higher (<0.05) for the treatment without inclusion of marine algae meal or vitamin E (CO), and propionic acid was higher (<0.05) for the treatment with inclusion of marine algae meal (SM). The inclusion of marine algae meal with or without vitamin E was shown to be an alternative for feeding feedlot lambs, improving the apparent digestibility of EE, NDF, and ADF, feeding behavior, and in vitro ruminal parameters.
The research was divided into two studies. In study 1, the aim was to evaluate the effect of feeding marine algae meal Schizochytrium sp. associated or not with vitamin E to Ile de France lambs, on intake, digestibility, performance, nitrogen balance, feeding behavior, and quantitative carcass traits. The study was performed at the Sheep Production Laboratory belonging to the Animal Science Department of FCAV, Unesp - Jaboticabal, SP. A total of 32 intact Ile de France male lambs with an initial weight of 20.0 ± 0.2 kg were fed the following diets: CO = corn silage + concentrate; SM = corn silage + concentrate with 4% marine algae meal; VE = corn silage + concentrate containing 1000 mg of vitamin E, and SMVE = corn silage + concentrate containing 4% marine algae meal and 1000 mg vitamin E, on a dry matter basis, at a forage:concentrate ratio of 40:60, supplied at 7 a.m. and 5 p.m., until the lambs reached the slaughter weight of 35.0 ± 0.2 kg. The digestibility and nitrogen balance evaluations were performed in metabolism cages when the animals reached 27 kg of body weight, representing the average weight at feedlot entry. The quantitative carcass parameters were obtained after humane slaughtering. In study 2, the following in vitro ruminal parameters were evaluated: pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), performed at the Animal Unit of Digestive and Metabolic Studies belonging to the same university. Eight castrated Santa Inês adult sheep, cannulated, with a mean body weight of 50.0 kg were used as donors of ruminal fluid, being two animals per diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replications for the study 1, and four treatments and six replications for the study 2, using the SAS statistical software version 9.2. The averages were compared by Tukey’s test 5% at significance. Nutrient intake, performance, apparent nitrogen balance, quantitative carcass parameters, measurements on Longissimus muscle, and the size of meat cuts did not differ (P>0.05) between diets. The inclusion of marine algae meal and vitamin E resulted in higher (P<0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Feeding behavior differed for the variables idleness, number of boli ruminated (NBR), chewing number (CN), chewing time (CT), and daily chewing number (DCN). The in vitro ruminal parameters pH, N-NH3, and SCFA varied (P<0.05) according to the treatment, with higher pH (<0.05) when vitamin E was used (VE). N-NH3 was higher (<0.05) for the treatment with inclusion of marine algae meal (SM). For the SCFA, acetic acid was higher (<0.05) for the treatment without inclusion of marine algae meal or vitamin E (CO), and propionic acid was higher (<0.05) for the treatment with inclusion of marine algae meal (SM). The inclusion of marine algae meal with or without vitamin E was shown to be an alternative for feeding feedlot lambs, improving the apparent digestibility of EE, NDF, and ADF, feeding behavior, and in vitro ruminal parameters.
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Palavras-chave
Confinamento, Lipídios, Ovinocultura, Produção intensiva, feedlot, intensive production, lipids, sheep production