Contribuição ao estudo das dinâmicas de perda de solo por meio de técnicas diretas e indiretas de estimação em propriedades rurais de Getulina e Vera Cruz - SP
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Data
2016-10-03
Autores
Baldassarini, Jéssica de Sousa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A busca pelo entendimento das dinâmicas envolvidas na perda de solo, objetivando tanto sua mensuração como também o emprego de ações que visem sua recuperação e conservação, vem ganhando espaço no meio científico devido aos problemas socioambientais e econômicos resultantes desta degradação. Estes problemas não se restringem a produtividade agrícola, como também favorecem o empobrecimento do meio rural, a poluição e assoreamento dos cursos d’água, a dependência financeira e tecnológica dos sujeitos sociais etc. Para compreender as dinâmicas e os fatores relevantes na perda de solo foi aplicado distintos métodos de determinação, um de estimação direta, por meio das parcelas de monitoramento com pinos de erosão e um indireto, por meio da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS), que permitissem a comparação dos resultados obtidos em campo com os da aplicação do modelo. O estudo foi realizado em duas propriedades agrícolas que possuem características naturais e de uso e ocupação distintas, atribuindo-lhes complexidades espaciais particulares. Uma localiza-se em Getulina e é destinada a pecuária e a outra localiza-se em Vera Cruz com a produção de café. Foi possível identificar nas propriedades agrícolas características naturais que tornam seus solos suscetíveis a perda por processos erosivos, porém, que as formas de uso e ocupação destes espaços foram fundamentais para o entendimento dos totais de perda registrados pelos métodos de determinação. Esta complexidade fundamenta a necessidade de abordar a perda de solo como fenômeno geográfico, decorrente de aspectos naturais e sociais que expressam demandas, interesses e funcionalidades socialmente construídas que fundamentam sua apropriação.
Looking to understanding the dynamics involving the soil loss, aiming at both its measurement as well as the actions aimed use at their conservation and recovery, is gaining space in the scientific world due to environmental and economic problems resulting from this degradation. These problems are not restricted to agricultural productivity, but also promote rural impoverishment, pollution and siltation water courses, social subjects financial and technological dependence, etc. The different methods of determination, a direct estimation, through the monitoring plots with erosion pins and an indirect, through the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied to understand the dynamics and relevant factors on soil loss and also to allow the results comparison obtained in the field where was applied the models. The study was conducted in two farms where we could find different use and occupation natural characteristics assigning them particular spatial complexities. One farm is located in Getulina and is intended for livestock (animals) and the other is located in Vera Cruz where they grow coffee, both in southeastern Brazil, São Paulo State. It was possible to identify the properties that make their natural features agricultural soils susceptible to loss through erosion, however, that the use and occupation forms of these spaces were fundamental for the understanding the loss totals recorded by determination methods. This complexity is motivated by the need to address the soil loss as geographical phenomenon, resulting from natural and social aspects that express demands, interests and socially constructed features that underlie your ownership.
Looking to understanding the dynamics involving the soil loss, aiming at both its measurement as well as the actions aimed use at their conservation and recovery, is gaining space in the scientific world due to environmental and economic problems resulting from this degradation. These problems are not restricted to agricultural productivity, but also promote rural impoverishment, pollution and siltation water courses, social subjects financial and technological dependence, etc. The different methods of determination, a direct estimation, through the monitoring plots with erosion pins and an indirect, through the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied to understand the dynamics and relevant factors on soil loss and also to allow the results comparison obtained in the field where was applied the models. The study was conducted in two farms where we could find different use and occupation natural characteristics assigning them particular spatial complexities. One farm is located in Getulina and is intended for livestock (animals) and the other is located in Vera Cruz where they grow coffee, both in southeastern Brazil, São Paulo State. It was possible to identify the properties that make their natural features agricultural soils susceptible to loss through erosion, however, that the use and occupation forms of these spaces were fundamental for the understanding the loss totals recorded by determination methods. This complexity is motivated by the need to address the soil loss as geographical phenomenon, resulting from natural and social aspects that express demands, interests and socially constructed features that underlie your ownership.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Perda de solo, Parcelas de erosão, EUPS, Natureza, Water erosion, Soil loss, Erosion plots, USLE, Nature, Erosão hídrica