Efeito da suplementação com dietas hiperlipídicas na performance reprodutiva de búfalas (bubalus bubalis) criadas na Amazônia oriental
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Data
2018-03-20
Autores
Nahum, Benjamim de Souza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do experimento 1 foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar com torta de palmiste sobre a atividade ovariana, lipidemia e função hepática de búfalas submetidas à sincronização da ovulação, visando determinar o melhor percentual de torta de palmiste que pode ser oferecido na dieta. Foram utilizadas vinte e quatro búfalas da raça Murrah, com idade média de 5,67 ± 1,60 anos e peso médio de 684,17 ± 62,82 kg, cíclicas e não lactantes, divididas em quatro tratamentos de suplementação com torta de palmiste (0%; 0,25%; 0,50% e 1,00% do peso vivo). Todas as búfalas foram submetidas ao protocolo Ovsynch e foram avaliados os diâmetros do folículo pré-ovulatório, do corpo lúteo e do ovário ipsilateral nos dias D10 (fase folicular) e D17 (fase luteínica) após o início do protocolo de sincronização. O sangue foi colhido nesses mesmos dias para determinar as concentrações séricas de colesterol total e fração HDL, triglicerídeos, progesterona (P4) e das enzimas alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e gama glutamiltransferase (GGT). A suplementação com torta de palmiste não influenciou o desenvolvimento folicular e luteal (P>0,05) e não incrementou as concentrações de P4 (P=0,23). As concentrações de colesterol total aumentaram nos animais suplementados com até 0,5% PV de torta de palmiste, independente da fase (P<0,05), mas esse efeito não foi observado na fração HDL do colesterol, que se manteve semelhante nas fases folicular (54,86 mg/dL; P=0,08) e luteínica (53,73 mg/dL; P=0,47) do ciclo estral. Nas concentrações de triglicérides, houve um efeito linear (P=0,03) dos tratamentos na fase folicular, porém, houve similaridade na fase luteínica (59,99 mg/dL; P=0,51). A suplementação não alterou a atividade da enzima ALT (P>0,05), mas as enzimas hepáticas AST e GGT tiveram efeito significativo (P<0,05) nas duas fases avaliadas. No grupo suplementado com 1,0% PV as concentrações de AST e GGT foram acima do recomendado para a espécie. Conclui-se que a suplementação de búfalas com torta de palmiste aumenta as concentrações de colesterol e triglicerídeos, mas não influencia nas concentrações circulantes de progesterona e no desenvolvimento folicular e luteal. A avaliação das enzimas hepáticas permite recomendar o fornecimento de 0,5% PV de torta de palmiste para búfalas, com aumento nas concentrações séricas de colesterol, sem que haja disfunção hepática nos animais. O objetivo do experimento 2 foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) na taxa de concepção de búfalas submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e quantificar os níveis de progesterona e o perfil lipídico desses animais. Foram utilizadas búfalas leiteiras (Bubalus bubalis, n=120) da raça Murrah, com peso médio de 452,27 ± 6,55 kg e ECC de 3,41 ± 0,05. Todas as búfalas foram submetidas a um protocolo de sincronização da ovulação e a partir do dia da IATF (D0) divididas em três tratamentos de suplementação com os concentrados (0,5% PV) durante 22 dias. Os tratamentos foram: grupo Controle: animais suplementados com concentrado padrão; grupo Soja: concentrado padrão acrescido de óleo de soja refinado e grupo Megalac: concentrado padrão acrescido de gordura protegida. Foram dosadas as concentrações séricas de colesterol total, HDL, triglicerídeos e progesterona (P4) nos dias D-12 (pré-tratamento) e D22 (pós-tratamento). O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado 30 dias após a IATF. Houve uma elevação substancial de consumo de AGs insaturados para os grupos Soja e Megalac, na ordem de 174,43% e 198,47% respectivamente, em comparação ao grupo Controle. Após 22 dias de suplementação, as concentrações séricas de colesterol total, HDL, LDL e lipídios totais foram mais elevadas (P<0,05) nos grupos tratados Soja e Megalac em comparação ao grupo Controle, e as concentrações circulantes de P4 não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos Controle, Soja e Megalac, tanto para as fêmeas prenhas (18,09±2,06 vs 20,53±1,95 vs 18,76±1,36; P=0,6833, respectivamente) quanto para as não prenhas (4,15±1,06 vs 8,34±1,87 vs 6,09±1,51; P=0,2105, respectivamente). Os resultados da taxa de concepção aos 30 dias demonstram que houve diferença entre os grupos (P=0,0130) Soja, Controle e Megalac, onde as búfalas suplementadas com ração Controle e Megalac obtiveram uma maior taxa de concepção (33,3% e 30,8%, respectivamente) em relação ao grupo Soja (14,3%). As suplementações com concentrados adicionados de sais de cálcio de AGPI aumentaram as concentrações séricas de lipídios (colesterol total, HDL, LDL, lipídios totais), mas não desencadearam reflexos positivos nas concentrações circulantes de progesterona e nas taxas de concepção das búfalas.
The objective of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effect of food supplementation with palm kernel cake on ovarian activity, lipidemia and hepatic function of buffaloes subjected to ovulation synchronization, aiming at determining the best percentage of palm kernel cake that can be offered in the diet. Twenty-four Murrah buffaloes, mean age of 5.67 ± 1.60 years and mean weight of 684.17 ± 62.82 kg, cyclic and non-lactating, were divided into four treatments of palm kernel cake supplementation (0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% of live weight). All buffaloes were submitted to the Ovsynch protocol and the diameter of the preovulatory follicle, corpus luteum and ipsilateral ovary were evaluated at days D10 (follicular phase) and D17 (luteal phase) after the initiation of the synchronization protocol. Blood was collected on these same days to determine serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL, triglycerides, progesterone (P4) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT). Supplementation with palm kernel cake did not influence follicular and luteal development (P>0.05) and did not increase P4 concentrations (P=0.23). Concentrations of total cholesterol increased in animals supplemented with up to 0.5% PV of palm kernel cake, regardless of the phase (P<0.05), but this effect was not observed in the HDL cholesterol fraction, which remained similar in the follicular phase (54.86 mg/dL, P=0.08) and luteal phase (53.73 mg/dL, P=0.47) of the estrous cycle. In the triglyceride concentrations, there was a linear effect (P=0.03) of the treatments in the follicular phase, but there was similarity in the luteal phase (59.99 mg/dL; P=0.51). Supplementation did not alter ALT activity (P>0.05), but liver enzymes AST and GGT had a significant effect (P<0.05) in the two phases evaluated. In the group supplemented with 1.0% PV the concentrations of AST and GGT were above that recommended for the specie. It is concluded that supplementation of buffaloes with palm kernel cake increases cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations but does not influence circulating progesterone concentrations and follicular and luteal development. The evaluation of hepatic enzymes allows recommending the supplementation of 0.5% PV of palm kernel cake to buffaloes, with increase in serum cholesterol concentrations, without hepatic dysfunction in the animals. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the conception rate of buffaloes submitted to artificial insemination at fixed time (FTAI) and to quantify progesterone levels and lipid profile of these animals. Milk buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis, n = 120) of the Murrah breed were used, with a mean weight of 452.27 ± 6.55 kg and BCS of 3.41 ± 0.05. All buffaloes were submitted to an ovulation synchronization protocol and from day FTAI (D0) divided into three supplementation treatments with the concentrates (0.5% PV) for 22 days. The treatments were: Control group: animals supplemented with standard concentrate; Soybean group: standard concentrate plus refined soybean oil and Megalac group: standard concentrate plus protected fat. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and progesterone (P4) on days D-12 (pre-treatment) and D22 (post-treatment) were measured. The diagnosis of pregnancy was performed 30 days after the FTAI. There was a substantial increase in the consumption of unsaturated AGs for the Soja and Megalac groups, in the order of 174.43% and 198.47%, respectively, compared to the Control group. After 22 days of supplementation, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and total lipids were higher (P<0.05) in the treated groups compared to the Control group, and the circulating concentrations of P4 did not differ statistically between the Control, Soybean and Megalac groups, both for pregnant females (18.09 ± 2.06 vs. 20.53 ± 1.95 vs 18.76 ± 1.36, P=0.6833, respectively) and for non-pregnant (4.15 ± 1.06 vs 8.34 ± 1.87 vs. 6.09 ± 1.51, P=0.2105, respectively). The results of the conception rate at 30 days show that there was a difference between the groups (P=0.0130) Soybean, Control and Megalac, where buffaloes supplemented with Control and Megalac rations obtained a higher conception rate (33.3% and 30.8%, respectively) in relation to the Soja group (14.3%). Supplements with added concentrates of PUFA calcium salts increased serum lipid concentrations (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, total lipids), but did not trigger positive reflexes in circulating progesterone concentrations and buffalo conception rates.
The objective of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effect of food supplementation with palm kernel cake on ovarian activity, lipidemia and hepatic function of buffaloes subjected to ovulation synchronization, aiming at determining the best percentage of palm kernel cake that can be offered in the diet. Twenty-four Murrah buffaloes, mean age of 5.67 ± 1.60 years and mean weight of 684.17 ± 62.82 kg, cyclic and non-lactating, were divided into four treatments of palm kernel cake supplementation (0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% of live weight). All buffaloes were submitted to the Ovsynch protocol and the diameter of the preovulatory follicle, corpus luteum and ipsilateral ovary were evaluated at days D10 (follicular phase) and D17 (luteal phase) after the initiation of the synchronization protocol. Blood was collected on these same days to determine serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL, triglycerides, progesterone (P4) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT). Supplementation with palm kernel cake did not influence follicular and luteal development (P>0.05) and did not increase P4 concentrations (P=0.23). Concentrations of total cholesterol increased in animals supplemented with up to 0.5% PV of palm kernel cake, regardless of the phase (P<0.05), but this effect was not observed in the HDL cholesterol fraction, which remained similar in the follicular phase (54.86 mg/dL, P=0.08) and luteal phase (53.73 mg/dL, P=0.47) of the estrous cycle. In the triglyceride concentrations, there was a linear effect (P=0.03) of the treatments in the follicular phase, but there was similarity in the luteal phase (59.99 mg/dL; P=0.51). Supplementation did not alter ALT activity (P>0.05), but liver enzymes AST and GGT had a significant effect (P<0.05) in the two phases evaluated. In the group supplemented with 1.0% PV the concentrations of AST and GGT were above that recommended for the specie. It is concluded that supplementation of buffaloes with palm kernel cake increases cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations but does not influence circulating progesterone concentrations and follicular and luteal development. The evaluation of hepatic enzymes allows recommending the supplementation of 0.5% PV of palm kernel cake to buffaloes, with increase in serum cholesterol concentrations, without hepatic dysfunction in the animals. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the conception rate of buffaloes submitted to artificial insemination at fixed time (FTAI) and to quantify progesterone levels and lipid profile of these animals. Milk buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis, n = 120) of the Murrah breed were used, with a mean weight of 452.27 ± 6.55 kg and BCS of 3.41 ± 0.05. All buffaloes were submitted to an ovulation synchronization protocol and from day FTAI (D0) divided into three supplementation treatments with the concentrates (0.5% PV) for 22 days. The treatments were: Control group: animals supplemented with standard concentrate; Soybean group: standard concentrate plus refined soybean oil and Megalac group: standard concentrate plus protected fat. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and progesterone (P4) on days D-12 (pre-treatment) and D22 (post-treatment) were measured. The diagnosis of pregnancy was performed 30 days after the FTAI. There was a substantial increase in the consumption of unsaturated AGs for the Soja and Megalac groups, in the order of 174.43% and 198.47%, respectively, compared to the Control group. After 22 days of supplementation, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and total lipids were higher (P<0.05) in the treated groups compared to the Control group, and the circulating concentrations of P4 did not differ statistically between the Control, Soybean and Megalac groups, both for pregnant females (18.09 ± 2.06 vs. 20.53 ± 1.95 vs 18.76 ± 1.36, P=0.6833, respectively) and for non-pregnant (4.15 ± 1.06 vs 8.34 ± 1.87 vs. 6.09 ± 1.51, P=0.2105, respectively). The results of the conception rate at 30 days show that there was a difference between the groups (P=0.0130) Soybean, Control and Megalac, where buffaloes supplemented with Control and Megalac rations obtained a higher conception rate (33.3% and 30.8%, respectively) in relation to the Soja group (14.3%). Supplements with added concentrates of PUFA calcium salts increased serum lipid concentrations (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, total lipids), but did not trigger positive reflexes in circulating progesterone concentrations and buffalo conception rates.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
AGPI, Búfalo, Colesterol, Gordura Protegida, Sincronização, Torta de Palmiste, Buffalo, Cholesterol, Protected Fat, Synchronization, Palm Kernel Cake