Remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo de efluentes da atividade piscícola em sistema fechado utilizando reatores de leito móvel com biofilme
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Data
2018-03-02
Autores
Enriquez, Yemall Alexander Maigual
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A aquicultura é uma atividade de produção de espécies hidrobiológicas sob condições controladas. Esta atividade tem evoluído nos processos produtivos, mas estão gerando águas residuárias, quando lançadas diretamente nos corpos de água constituindo riscos potenciais à saúde. O reator de leito móvel com biofilme (MBBR) é uma variação do processo de lodos ativados. É um sistema de tratamento de efluentes que contem biofilme que cresce aderida aos suportes, que se movem livremente no volume do reator. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a eficiência na remoção de material, nitrogenado no MBBR dos efluentes gerados num sistema de recirculação para aquicultura “SRA”. O sistema MBBR com circulação (SC) - e com aeração (SA) obteve remoções medias de 38,7% para Nitrogênio Total Kjedahl (NTK), 28,9% de fósforo total, 44,5% de DBO, Nitrogênio Amoniacal Total (NAT) de 40% e 38,9% para amônia não ionizada e para nitrito foi 59,3%. Os sólidos Totais (ST), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (SST) e Sólidos Voláteis Totais (SVT) tiveram remoções de 28,0%, 45,9% e 57,4% respectivamente. Durante o período avaliado houve aumento do biofilme nos dois reatores. No MBBR-SA foi verificada a presença de protozoários, microinvertebrados e estruturas filamentosas semelhantes a estreptococos. No MBBR-SC, bactérias na forma de cocos, diplococos e estreptococos. Nas analises realizadas com MEV nos lodos dos dois sistemas foi encontrado traços de silício, alumínio, zinco, fósforo, sódio e magnésio. Também foi encontrado bactérias do tipo vibrio spp, bacilus spp, além da formação de aglomerados. As analises térmicas feitas nos lodos indicaram que houve perda de umidade até os 150°C. A maior parte da massa se perde entre 220°C e 580°C, faixa onde sofrem transformação térmica as proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, ácidos graxos, restos de paredes celulares bacterianas. Após os 600°C existe o restante, as cinzas são compostas por carbonatos e outros minerais transformando-se em matérias cristalinos, com baixa variação na massa.
Aquaculture is an activity of production of hydrobiological species under controlled conditions. These activities have evolved in the productive processes, but are producing wastewater, when thrown directly into bodies of water constituting potential health risks. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a variation of the activated sludge process. It is an effluent treatment system containing biofilm growing attached to the carriers, which move freely in the reactor volume. The aim of this research was to determine the efficiency in the removal of nitrogenous compounds in MBBR from the effluents generated in a recirculating aquaculture system "RAS". The MBBR system with circulation (CS) - and with aeration (AS) obtained mean removals of 38.7% for NTK, 28.9% of total phosphorus, 44.5% of BOD, 40% TAN and 38.9% for non-ionized ammonia and for nitrite was 59.3%. Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Volatile Solids (TSV) had removals of 28.0%, 45.9% and 57.4% respectively. During the evaluated period there was an increase of biofilm in the two reactors. In the MBBR-AS the presence of protozoa, microinvertebrates and filamentous structures similar to streptococcus was verified. Also, in MBBR-CS was verified coccus, diplococcus and streptococcus bacteria. In the analyzes performed with SEM in the sludge of the two systems, traces of silicon, aluminum, zinc, phosphorus, sodium and magnesium. Vibrio and bacillus type bacteria were present and besides granule formation. Thermal analyzes indicated that there was in the sludge moisture loss until 150°C. Most of the mass is loss between 220°C and 580°C, where they undergo thermal transformation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, remains of bacterial cell walls. After the 600°C the ashes are composed of carbonates and other minerals transforming into crystalline materials, with low mass variation.
Aquaculture is an activity of production of hydrobiological species under controlled conditions. These activities have evolved in the productive processes, but are producing wastewater, when thrown directly into bodies of water constituting potential health risks. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a variation of the activated sludge process. It is an effluent treatment system containing biofilm growing attached to the carriers, which move freely in the reactor volume. The aim of this research was to determine the efficiency in the removal of nitrogenous compounds in MBBR from the effluents generated in a recirculating aquaculture system "RAS". The MBBR system with circulation (CS) - and with aeration (AS) obtained mean removals of 38.7% for NTK, 28.9% of total phosphorus, 44.5% of BOD, 40% TAN and 38.9% for non-ionized ammonia and for nitrite was 59.3%. Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Volatile Solids (TSV) had removals of 28.0%, 45.9% and 57.4% respectively. During the evaluated period there was an increase of biofilm in the two reactors. In the MBBR-AS the presence of protozoa, microinvertebrates and filamentous structures similar to streptococcus was verified. Also, in MBBR-CS was verified coccus, diplococcus and streptococcus bacteria. In the analyzes performed with SEM in the sludge of the two systems, traces of silicon, aluminum, zinc, phosphorus, sodium and magnesium. Vibrio and bacillus type bacteria were present and besides granule formation. Thermal analyzes indicated that there was in the sludge moisture loss until 150°C. Most of the mass is loss between 220°C and 580°C, where they undergo thermal transformation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, remains of bacterial cell walls. After the 600°C the ashes are composed of carbonates and other minerals transforming into crystalline materials, with low mass variation.
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Palavras-chave
Remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo, Recirculação de água, Reutilização, MBBR reactor, Reuse, Reator MBBR, Nitrogen and phosphorus removal, Water recirculation