Ensaio sobre a cegueira: uma análise a partir da psicologia moral e das virtudes
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Data
2018-03-21
Autores
Carli, Tassiana
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação de mestrado consistiu em analisar os aspectos éticos e morais encontrados na obra Ensaio sobre a cegueira de José Saramago, principalmente em relação aos valores priorizados pela personagem denominada “mulher do médico”, tendo como referencial a psicologia moral piagetiana e a psicologia e filosofia das virtudes. A pesquisa foi do tipo documental. Os resultados apontaram que, enquanto a mulher do médico guiava-se pelo cultivo das virtudes e o uso da razão, agindo de maneira autônoma, a quase totalidade dos outros personagens procedeu pautada por uma moral heterônoma e por formas de glória, isto é, priorizavam valores como a beleza, a força física, o status social e o financeiro. Ademais, alguns tomaram a felicidade como sinônimo de hedonismo. Para a superação desse modelo de identidade heterônoma, por meio das atitudes da mulher do médico, o autor do romance defendeu o cultivo de virtudes, como a generosidade, a prudência, a compaixão, a coragem e a justiça. Ainda que não sejam consideradas virtudes, também notamos que, em certos momentos, ela foi movida pela solidariedade e pelo amor, este, o qual é, em síntese, todas as virtudes. Sendo assim, tendo por suporte o fato de ela ter sido a única que não ficou cega na obra analisada, consideramos tais excelências e o fato de ter agido autonomamente como os aspectos apontados pelo escritor para se superar o estado de heteronomia que, atualmente, encontram-se os indivíduos, ou seja, imersos em um quadro de cegueira branca.
The present dissertation consisted of analyzing the moral aspects found in the novel Blindness, by José Saramago, mainly in relation to the character’s doctor’s wife values. We queried the moral psychology and the psychology and philosophy of the virtues as our reference. We developed the documentary research modality in the present study. The results pointed out that the doctor’s wife was guided by the cultivation of the virtues besides she using the reason therefore in an autonomous way. The other characters in the majority of cases was guided by heteronomous way and by forms of glory, that is, they prioritized.the beauty, the physical strength, the social and financial status. In addition part of them considered the happiness as a hedonism synonymous. To overcome this model of heteronomous identity, through the attitudes of the doctor's wife, the author of the novel advocates the cultivation of virtues, such as generosity, prudence, compassion, courage and justice. We also noticed that she was supported by solidarity and love -the last one surpasses all virtues - although they are not considered virtues. Therefore, considering that the doctor’s wife was the only one that was not blinded, we consider her excellences and her autonomous way pointed by the writer to overcome the currently heteronomy state.
The present dissertation consisted of analyzing the moral aspects found in the novel Blindness, by José Saramago, mainly in relation to the character’s doctor’s wife values. We queried the moral psychology and the psychology and philosophy of the virtues as our reference. We developed the documentary research modality in the present study. The results pointed out that the doctor’s wife was guided by the cultivation of the virtues besides she using the reason therefore in an autonomous way. The other characters in the majority of cases was guided by heteronomous way and by forms of glory, that is, they prioritized.the beauty, the physical strength, the social and financial status. In addition part of them considered the happiness as a hedonism synonymous. To overcome this model of heteronomous identity, through the attitudes of the doctor's wife, the author of the novel advocates the cultivation of virtues, such as generosity, prudence, compassion, courage and justice. We also noticed that she was supported by solidarity and love -the last one surpasses all virtues - although they are not considered virtues. Therefore, considering that the doctor’s wife was the only one that was not blinded, we consider her excellences and her autonomous way pointed by the writer to overcome the currently heteronomy state.
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Palavras-chave
Psicologia ético/moral e das virtudes, Saramago, Ensaio sobre a cegueira, Jean Piaget, Ethical/moral psychology and psychology of the virtues, Saramago, Blindness, Jean Piaget