Caracteríscas da produção e da comercialização dos produtores de orgânicos, e comportamento dos consumidores, no território noroeste paulista
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Data
2018-02-22
Autores
Centeno, Daniela Capelas
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura brasileira, a partir da década de 1990, apresentou ganhos expressivos de produtividade, porém aumentaram também as preocupações com a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de cultivos predominantes, baseados na utilização intensiva de insumos que podem causar a poluição e contaminação dos solos, da água e do ar, além da possibilidade de deixar resíduos tóxicos nos alimentos. Uma das formas de contornar esse problema é adoção da agricultura orgânica, que embora responda por uma parcela muito pequena da produção, cresceu significativamente nas últimas décadas. No entanto, ainda são poucas as investigações que abrangem o estudo conjunto de produtores e consumidores de orgânicos. Este trabalho objetivou identificar, no Território Noroeste Paulista (SP), o perfil dos agricultores, caracterizar as propriedades rurais e as formas de comercialização de produtos orgânicos, e investigar o perfil e o comportamento dos consumidores de orgânicos. A obtenção dos dados da pesquisa realizou-se por meio da aplicação de um questionário junto a 13 agricultores, o que corresponde a 86,6% dos produtores orgânicos certificados e em fase de transição orgânica do referido Território. No caso dos consumidores foi aplicado também um questionário que abrangeu 50 consumidores (escolhidos ao acaso) que frequentam a Feira de Orgânicos de Jales (SP). Constatou-se que mais de dois terços dos pesquisados são agricultores familiares e possuem certificação para a produção de orgânicos. Prenomina a comercialização direta com o consumidor final (84,6% do total) de olerícolas e, com menor frequência, de frutas. A renda obtida com a comercialização de orgânicos é muito variável, mas a maioria obtém até R$1.000,00 mensais. A venda em circuitos curtos é vantajosa, pois reduz ou exclui a intermediação e possibilita a ampliação da margem de lucro, embora exija um maior esforço dos agricultores que precisam assumir mais uma tarefa além da produção agrícola. Os consumidores pesquisados possuem um perfil semelhante aos consumidores de produtos orgânicos do país, caracterizados pelo alto grau de escolaridade. A maioria gasta menos de R$100,00 por mês na Feira e aponta como principal razão para a compra de orgânicos, o fato de serem “alimentos saudáveis”; enquanto a falta de variedade dos produtos foi a dificuldade mais citada. A produção e o consumo de orgânicos no Território Noroeste Paulista ainda é incipiente, mas a instalação da Feira de Produtos Orgânicos de Jales ampliou a visibilidade desta forma de produção.
Since the 1990s, the Brazilian agriculture has presented significant gains in productivity, but also increased concerns about the sustainability of the predominant crop systems, based on the intensive use of inputs that can cause pollution and contamination of soils, water and the possibility of leaving toxic residues in food. One of the ways to overcome this problem is the adoption of organic agriculture, which, although it accounts for a very small portion of production, has grown significantly in the last decades. However, there are still few studies covering the joint study of producers and consumers of organic. The purpose of this study was to identify in the Território Noroeste Paulista (SP) the farmers' profile, characterize their rural properties, the commercialization of the organic products, and investigate the profile and behavior of organic consumers. The research data was obtained through the application of a questionnaire to 13 farmers, which corresponds to 86.6% of organic producers certified and in the organic transition phase of the Territory. In the case of consumers, a questionnaire was also applied, covering 50 consumers (randomly selected) who attend the Organic Market Place in Jales(SP). It was found that more than two-thirds of those interviewed are family farmers and have certification for organic production. It predominates the direct commercialization with the final consumer (84.6% in total) of vegetables and, less frequently, fruit. The income earned with the commercialization of organic is very variable, but the majority earns up to R$ 1,000.00 monthly. Short-circuit sale is advantageous because it reduces or excludes intermediaries and makes it possible to increase the profit margin, although it requires a greater effort from farmers who need to take on a task beyond agricultural production. The consumers interviewed have a similar profile to consumers of organic products in the country, characterized by a high level of scholarity. Most spend less than R$ 100 per month at the Market Place and points out as the main reason for buying organic, the fact that they are "healthy foods"; while the lack of variety of products was the most mentioned difficulty. Organic production and consumption in the Território Noroeste Paulista is still incipient, but the installation of the Organic Products Market Place in Jales has increased the visibility of this way of production.
Since the 1990s, the Brazilian agriculture has presented significant gains in productivity, but also increased concerns about the sustainability of the predominant crop systems, based on the intensive use of inputs that can cause pollution and contamination of soils, water and the possibility of leaving toxic residues in food. One of the ways to overcome this problem is the adoption of organic agriculture, which, although it accounts for a very small portion of production, has grown significantly in the last decades. However, there are still few studies covering the joint study of producers and consumers of organic. The purpose of this study was to identify in the Território Noroeste Paulista (SP) the farmers' profile, characterize their rural properties, the commercialization of the organic products, and investigate the profile and behavior of organic consumers. The research data was obtained through the application of a questionnaire to 13 farmers, which corresponds to 86.6% of organic producers certified and in the organic transition phase of the Territory. In the case of consumers, a questionnaire was also applied, covering 50 consumers (randomly selected) who attend the Organic Market Place in Jales(SP). It was found that more than two-thirds of those interviewed are family farmers and have certification for organic production. It predominates the direct commercialization with the final consumer (84.6% in total) of vegetables and, less frequently, fruit. The income earned with the commercialization of organic is very variable, but the majority earns up to R$ 1,000.00 monthly. Short-circuit sale is advantageous because it reduces or excludes intermediaries and makes it possible to increase the profit margin, although it requires a greater effort from farmers who need to take on a task beyond agricultural production. The consumers interviewed have a similar profile to consumers of organic products in the country, characterized by a high level of scholarity. Most spend less than R$ 100 per month at the Market Place and points out as the main reason for buying organic, the fact that they are "healthy foods"; while the lack of variety of products was the most mentioned difficulty. Organic production and consumption in the Território Noroeste Paulista is still incipient, but the installation of the Organic Products Market Place in Jales has increased the visibility of this way of production.
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Palavras-chave
Produtores de orgânicos, Caracterização do cultivo, Circuitos curtos de comercialização, Agricultura familiar, Consumidor de orgânicos, Organic producers, Characterization of cultivation, Short circuits of comercialization, Family farming, Consumer of organic