Potencial agronômico e compostos bioativos em uvas e sucos de uva de cultivares Vitis labrusca L. e híbridas sobre diferentes porta-enxertos em região tropical do Sudeste brasileiro
Data
2018-03-03
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a duração dos estádios fenológicos, as demandas térmicas (graus-dia) e o potencial produtivo das videiras, além de determinar o conteúdo de ácidos orgânicos, açúcares, compostos bioativos e a atividade antioxidante em uvas e sucos de uva de cultivares Vitis labrusca e híbridas cultivadas sobre diferentes porta-enxertos sob condições tropicais na região Sudeste do Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em vinhedo experimental do Instituto Agronômico, em Votuporanga, região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Isabel Precoce, BRS Carmem, BRS Cora e IAC 138-22 Máximo enxertadas nos porta-enxertos ‘IAC 766’ e ‘IAC 572’. As características fenológicas e produtivas das videiras foram avaliadas em três ciclos produtivos (2015/2016), dos quais, em um ciclo foram analisados os compostos bioativos (antocianinas, flavonóis, estilbenos, ácidos fenólicos e flavanóis) nas películas e polpas das uvas e nos sucos integrais de uva. Além das cultivares citadas anteriormente, os compostos bioativos das uvas foram analisados também na uva ‘BRS Violeta’. Os resultados mostraram que a duração do ciclo produtivo das videiras ‘Isabel Precoce’, IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’, ‘BRS Cora’ e ‘BRS Carmem’ foi de, aproximadamente, 115, 117, 119 e 138 dias, respectivamente, variando em função das condições climáticas ocorridas durante o ciclo. O acúmulo de graus-dia foi proporcional ao número de dias necessários para as videiras atingirem cada estádio fenológico. As cultivares Isabel Precoce, IAC 138-22 Máximo e BRS Cora foram as mais produtivas. As uvas ‘BRS Carmem’ e ‘Isabel Precoce’ apresentaram níveis equilibrados de sólidos solúveis e acidez. Por outro lado, a uva IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ apresentou limitado potencial no acúmulo de açúcares. Os porta-enxertos não influenciaram na fenologia e no acúmulo de graus-dia das videiras. No entanto, o ‘IAC 766’ proporcionou maior produtividade às cultivares copa, além de maior massa de cachos e bagas, e maior conteúdo de açúcares e ácidos no mosto das uvas. O conteúdo de compostos fenólicos nas películas foi maior do que nas polpas das uvas em todas as cultivares. De modo geral, tanto nas películas quanto nas polpas, as uvas ‘BRS Violeta’ apresentaram as maiores concentrações de todas as classes fenólicas estudadas e os maiores valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro. Maior conteúdo bioativo e atividade antioxidante foram encontrados nos sucos da uva IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’. Tanto nas uvas quanto nos sucos da cultivar Isabel Precoce foram encontradas baixas quantidades de compostos fenólicos e baixa atividade antioxidante. O efeito dos porta-enxertos foi relevante nas uvas ‘BRS Violeta’, a qual apresentou maior conteúdo bioativo quando combinada com o ‘IAC 766’. O porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’ também favoreceu o acúmulo de açúcares na maioria dos sucos, de antocianinas e trans-resveratrol nos sucos IAC 138-22 Máximo, e de ácidos fenólicos nos sucos Isabel Precoce.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the duration of the phenological stages, the thermal demands (degree-days) and the yield potential of the vines, besides determining the content of organic acids, sugars, bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity in grapes and grape juices of Vitis labrusca and hybrids cultivars grown onto different rootstocks under tropical conditions in the Southeast region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in an experimental vineyard of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), in Votuporanga, Northwest region of the São Paulo state. The cultivars Isabel Precoce, BRS Carmem, BRS Cora and IAC 138-22 Máximo grafted onto 'IAC 766' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks were evaluated. The phenological and productive characteristics were evaluated in three seasons (2015/2016), of which in the second season the bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, phenolic acids and flavanols) were assessed in pulps and skins of the grapes and in the whole grapes juices. Additionally to the cultivars above mentioned, the bioactive compounds of the grapes were also assessed in the 'BRS Violeta' grape. The results showed that the duration of the productive cycle of Isabel Precoce, IAC 138-22 Máximo, BRS Cora and BRS Carmem cultivars was approximately 115, 117, 119 and 138 days, respectively, which might change according to the climatic conditions during the growing season. The summation of degree-days was proportional to the number of days demanded for the vines to reach each phenological stage. The cultivars Isabel Precoce, IAC 138-22 Máximo and BRS Cora were the most productive. The 'BRS Carmem' and 'Isabel Precoce' grapes presented balanced levels of soluble solids and acidity. By contrast, IAC 138-22 'Máximo' grapes presented limited potential in the accumulation of sugars. The rootstocks did not influence the phenology and summation of degree-days of the vines. However, 'IAC 766' provided higher yield, as well as larger and heavier bunches and berries and grapes with higher sugar and acid content. The grapes and juices of the BRS Cora variety presented high content of organic acids and sugars. The content of phenolic compounds in the skins was much greater than in grape pulps. In general, in both skins and pulps, 'BRS Violeta' grapes presented the highest concentrations of every phenolic classes studied and the highest values of antioxidant activity. The highest bioactive content and antioxidant activity value were found in IAC 138-22 Máximo grape juice. Both in the grapes and in the juices of the Isabel Precoce cultivar were found low amounts of phenolic compounds and low antioxidant activity. The effect of the rootstocks was relevant in 'BRS Violeta' grapes, which presented higher bioactive content when combined with 'IAC 766'. The 'IAC 766' rootstock also favored the accumulation of sugars in most of the juices, of anthocyanins and trans-resveratrol in the IAC 138-22 Máximo juice, and of phenolic acids in the Isabel Precoce juices.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the duration of the phenological stages, the thermal demands (degree-days) and the yield potential of the vines, besides determining the content of organic acids, sugars, bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity in grapes and grape juices of Vitis labrusca and hybrids cultivars grown onto different rootstocks under tropical conditions in the Southeast region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in an experimental vineyard of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), in Votuporanga, Northwest region of the São Paulo state. The cultivars Isabel Precoce, BRS Carmem, BRS Cora and IAC 138-22 Máximo grafted onto 'IAC 766' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks were evaluated. The phenological and productive characteristics were evaluated in three seasons (2015/2016), of which in the second season the bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, phenolic acids and flavanols) were assessed in pulps and skins of the grapes and in the whole grapes juices. Additionally to the cultivars above mentioned, the bioactive compounds of the grapes were also assessed in the 'BRS Violeta' grape. The results showed that the duration of the productive cycle of Isabel Precoce, IAC 138-22 Máximo, BRS Cora and BRS Carmem cultivars was approximately 115, 117, 119 and 138 days, respectively, which might change according to the climatic conditions during the growing season. The summation of degree-days was proportional to the number of days demanded for the vines to reach each phenological stage. The cultivars Isabel Precoce, IAC 138-22 Máximo and BRS Cora were the most productive. The 'BRS Carmem' and 'Isabel Precoce' grapes presented balanced levels of soluble solids and acidity. By contrast, IAC 138-22 'Máximo' grapes presented limited potential in the accumulation of sugars. The rootstocks did not influence the phenology and summation of degree-days of the vines. However, 'IAC 766' provided higher yield, as well as larger and heavier bunches and berries and grapes with higher sugar and acid content. The grapes and juices of the BRS Cora variety presented high content of organic acids and sugars. The content of phenolic compounds in the skins was much greater than in grape pulps. In general, in both skins and pulps, 'BRS Violeta' grapes presented the highest concentrations of every phenolic classes studied and the highest values of antioxidant activity. The highest bioactive content and antioxidant activity value were found in IAC 138-22 Máximo grape juice. Both in the grapes and in the juices of the Isabel Precoce cultivar were found low amounts of phenolic compounds and low antioxidant activity. The effect of the rootstocks was relevant in 'BRS Violeta' grapes, which presented higher bioactive content when combined with 'IAC 766'. The 'IAC 766' rootstock also favored the accumulation of sugars in most of the juices, of anthocyanins and trans-resveratrol in the IAC 138-22 Máximo juice, and of phenolic acids in the Isabel Precoce juices.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fenologia, Produção, Demandas térmicas, Curvas de maturação, Compostos fenólicos, Atividade antioxidante, Phenology, Yield, Thermal demands, Maturation curves, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidant activity