A técnica estendida como elemento veiculador da expressão musical na performance contemporânea da flauta doce
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Data
2018-02-28
Autores
Castelo, David de Figueiredo Correia
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho aborda a relação entre a técnica instrumental e a expressão musical. Mais especificamente, investiga a possibilidade de as técnicas estendidas da flauta doce serem utilizadas como elemento veiculador da expressão musical neste instrumento. A relação entre a técnica instrumental e a expressão musical na flauta doce é um tema presente em momentos significativos de sua história. O fato de a flauta doce ser também um instrumento histórico, para o qual foi dedicada extensa bibliografia Renascentista e Barroca, contribuiu para que sua técnica tenha sido organizada em dois eixos principais: o da técnica tradicional (entendida como aquela contida nos tratados históricos) e o das técnicas estendidas (as desenvolvidas a partir da década de 1960). Essa distinção mostra-se, contudo, menos rígida ao proceder-se a um estudo mais aprofundado a respeito das técnicas descritas nos tratados históricos. Sob o ponto de vista conceitual, adota-se o entendimento de Ray (2005) sobre Performance Musical e Técnica; de Padovani; Ferraz, (2011) sobre Técnica Estendida; e de Lehmann; Sloboda; Woody (2007) sobre Expressividade. A metodologia da presente tese envolve trabalho de cunho analítico-reflexivo associado à coleta e execução de repertório. A Tese está estruturada em três capítulos assim organizados: Capítulo I - dedicado à revisão de literatura; Capítulo II - discussão sobre os recursos tradicionais de expressão musical na flauta doce, sobre as técnicas estendidas e sobre expressividade contemporânea da flauta doce; Capítulo III - apresentação dos critérios de seleção do repertório, analise do repertório selecionado e discussão sobre a utilização de técnicas estendidas e técnicas tradicionais no repertório selecionado. As conclusões da pesquisa apontam para os seguintes fatos: a) a técnica tradicional tem sido abordada de maneira superficial; b) as técnicas descritas em tratados históricos revelam que, pelo ponto de vista de suas mecânicas, se assemelham à mecânica das técnicas estendidas; c) os recursos sonoros desenvolvidos para a flauta doce, na década de 1960, e seus respectivos meios de obtenção podem ser classificados com técnicas estendidas uma vez que efetivamente promoveram um rompimento ao contexto no qual o instrumento se encontrava inserido na referida década; d) a performance contemporânea da flauta doce envolve a execução tanto de seu repertório histórico quanto de seu repertório contemporâneo.
The present work deals with the relationship between instrumental technique and musical expression. More specifically, it investigates the possibility that extended recorder techniques can be used as a vehicle for musical expression. The relationship between instrumental technique and musical expression on the recorder is a subject present at significant moments in its history. The fact that the recorder is also a historical instrument, for which an extensive Renaissance and Baroque bibliography was dedicated, contributed to its technique being organized in two main axes: that of traditional technique (understood as that contained in historical treatises) and that of extended techniques (those developed from the 1960s). This distinction is, however, less rigid when a more in-depth study is carried out on the techniques described in the historical treaties. From the conceptual point of view, Ray's (2005) understanding of Musical Performance and Technique is adopted; of Padovani; Ferraz, (2011) on Extended Techniques; and Lehmann, Sloboda and Woody (2007) on Musical Expression. The methodology of the present thesis involves analytical-reflexive work associated with repertoire collection and execution. The thesis is structured in three chapters so organized: Chapter I - dedicated to literature review; Chapter II - discussion of the traditional resources of musical expression in the recorder, on the extended techniques and on the contemporary expressiveness of the recorder; Chapter III - presentation of the selection criteria of the repertoire, analysis of the selected repertoire and discussion on the use of extended techniques and traditional techniques in the selected repertoire. The conclusions of the research point to the following facts: a) the traditional technique has been approached superficially; b) the techniques described in historical treatises reveal that, from the point of view of their mechanics, they resemble the mechanics of the extended techniques; c) the sound resources developed for the recorder in the 1960s can be classified with extended techniques since they effectively promoted a rupture to the context in which the instrument was inserted in that decade; d) the contemporary performance of the recorder involves the execution of both its historical and contemporary repertoire.
The present work deals with the relationship between instrumental technique and musical expression. More specifically, it investigates the possibility that extended recorder techniques can be used as a vehicle for musical expression. The relationship between instrumental technique and musical expression on the recorder is a subject present at significant moments in its history. The fact that the recorder is also a historical instrument, for which an extensive Renaissance and Baroque bibliography was dedicated, contributed to its technique being organized in two main axes: that of traditional technique (understood as that contained in historical treatises) and that of extended techniques (those developed from the 1960s). This distinction is, however, less rigid when a more in-depth study is carried out on the techniques described in the historical treaties. From the conceptual point of view, Ray's (2005) understanding of Musical Performance and Technique is adopted; of Padovani; Ferraz, (2011) on Extended Techniques; and Lehmann, Sloboda and Woody (2007) on Musical Expression. The methodology of the present thesis involves analytical-reflexive work associated with repertoire collection and execution. The thesis is structured in three chapters so organized: Chapter I - dedicated to literature review; Chapter II - discussion of the traditional resources of musical expression in the recorder, on the extended techniques and on the contemporary expressiveness of the recorder; Chapter III - presentation of the selection criteria of the repertoire, analysis of the selected repertoire and discussion on the use of extended techniques and traditional techniques in the selected repertoire. The conclusions of the research point to the following facts: a) the traditional technique has been approached superficially; b) the techniques described in historical treatises reveal that, from the point of view of their mechanics, they resemble the mechanics of the extended techniques; c) the sound resources developed for the recorder in the 1960s can be classified with extended techniques since they effectively promoted a rupture to the context in which the instrument was inserted in that decade; d) the contemporary performance of the recorder involves the execution of both its historical and contemporary repertoire.
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Palavras-chave
Flauta doce, Técnica, Técnica estendida, Técnica tradicional, Expressividade musical, Recorder, Technique, Extended technique, Traditional technique, Musical expression