Aplicação da legislação ambiental na valoração econômica dos serviços ambientais da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) de Itupararanga
Carregando...
Data
2018-05-18
Autores
Manfredini, Fábio Navarro [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tese considerou com hipótese que os Serviços Ambientais (SA) - definidos pela Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio como os benefícios recebidos pela população pela existência de ecossistemas - são aspectos fundamentais para a gestão do uso do solo e deve ser implementada considerando a legislação ambiental, a valoração econômica ambiental e a inteligência territorial. O trabalho teve como desafio dissecar a temática, para responder as seguintes questões: a) A Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) é um método que atende aos requisitos necessários para a análise de uma política pública de uso do solo que contemple os SA?; b) Os métodos de valoração econômica ambiental existentes são adequados a valoração de SA? O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi realizar uma Avaliação Ambiental fundamentada na legislação ambiental aplicável aos SA e a valoração econômica ambiental para subsidiar políticas públicas alinhadas às diretrizes da Política Estadual de Mudanças Climáticas. Os objetivos específicos foram: elencar a legislação ambiental aplicável à Avaliação Ambiental aos SA e Valoração Econômica Ambiental; quantificar os SA associados aos usos do solo da APA de Itupararanga; identificar qual método de valoração econômica é mais adequado para a valoração de SA; analisar a gestão do uso do solo por meio da AAE da APA de Itupararanga. Foi realizado um estudo de caso para analisar a gestão do uso do solo que considera o SA como fator preponderante para a sua definição. O trabalho evidenciou que os SA são critérios basilares para a gestão do uso do solo e os programas derivados de uma política pública devem considerar a legislação ambiental, a valoração econômica ambiental e a inteligência territorial. O estudo de caso demonstrou que a AAE é um método que atende aos requisitos necessários para a elaboração de uma política pública de uso do solo que contemple os SA e que o melhor método de valoração econômica ambiental é o método de valoração contingente. A tese também demonstrou que as variáveis que devem compor a legislação aplicável aos SA tendem a possuir uma amplitude maior do que natureza jurídica essencial do Direito Ambiental e, nesse sentido, os instrumentos econômicos como o Pagamento por SA devem fazer parte de um ramo jurídico, ainda embrionário, mas que futuramente será fundamental na implementação de políticas públicas como as propostas no Plano de Manejo da APA de Itupararanga, ou seja, o Direito da Sustentabilidade
The thesis hypothesized that the Environmental Services (ES) are fundamental aspects for the management of land use and should be implemented considering environmental legislation, economic valuation and territorial intelligence. The study had as a challenge to dissect the subject, to answer the following questions: a) The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a method that meets the necessary requirements for the analysis of a public policy of land use that contemplates ES?; b) Are the existing environmental economic valuation methods adequate to the valuation of ES? The main objective of this work was to carry out an Environmental Assessment based on the environmental legislation applicable to ES and the environmental economic valuation to subsidize public policies in line with the guidelines of the State Policy on Climate Change. The specific objectives were: to enclose the environmental legislation applicable to the Environmental Assessment to ES and Environmental Economic Valuation; to quantify the ES associated to the land uses of the APA of Itupararanga; identify which method of economic valuation is most appropriate for the valuation of ES; analyze the management of land use through the SEA of the APA of Itupararanga. A case study was carried out to analyze the land use management that considers ES as a preponderant factor for its definition. The study evidenced that ES are basic criteria for the management of land use and the programs derived from a public policy must consider environmental legislation, environmental economic valuation and territorial intelligence. The case study has demonstrated that the SEA is a method that meets the requirements necessary for the elaboration of a public policy of land use that contemplates the ES and that the best method of environmental economic valuation is the method of contingent valuation. The thesis also showed that the variables that should be included in the legislation applicable to the ES tend to have a greater breadth than the essential legal nature of Environmental Law and, in this sense, economic instruments such as Payment by ES should be part of a legal branch, still embryonic, but that in the future will be fundamental in the implementation of public policies such as those proposed in the Management Plan of the Itupararanga APA, that is, the Law of Sustainability.
The thesis hypothesized that the Environmental Services (ES) are fundamental aspects for the management of land use and should be implemented considering environmental legislation, economic valuation and territorial intelligence. The study had as a challenge to dissect the subject, to answer the following questions: a) The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a method that meets the necessary requirements for the analysis of a public policy of land use that contemplates ES?; b) Are the existing environmental economic valuation methods adequate to the valuation of ES? The main objective of this work was to carry out an Environmental Assessment based on the environmental legislation applicable to ES and the environmental economic valuation to subsidize public policies in line with the guidelines of the State Policy on Climate Change. The specific objectives were: to enclose the environmental legislation applicable to the Environmental Assessment to ES and Environmental Economic Valuation; to quantify the ES associated to the land uses of the APA of Itupararanga; identify which method of economic valuation is most appropriate for the valuation of ES; analyze the management of land use through the SEA of the APA of Itupararanga. A case study was carried out to analyze the land use management that considers ES as a preponderant factor for its definition. The study evidenced that ES are basic criteria for the management of land use and the programs derived from a public policy must consider environmental legislation, environmental economic valuation and territorial intelligence. The case study has demonstrated that the SEA is a method that meets the requirements necessary for the elaboration of a public policy of land use that contemplates the ES and that the best method of environmental economic valuation is the method of contingent valuation. The thesis also showed that the variables that should be included in the legislation applicable to the ES tend to have a greater breadth than the essential legal nature of Environmental Law and, in this sense, economic instruments such as Payment by ES should be part of a legal branch, still embryonic, but that in the future will be fundamental in the implementation of public policies such as those proposed in the Management Plan of the Itupararanga APA, that is, the Law of Sustainability.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direito ambiental, Economia verde, Recursos hídricos, Water resources, Environmental law, Green economy