Multiplicação de Diaphorina citri e transmissão de Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus entre laranjeira doce e limeira ácida ‘tahiti’
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Data
2018-05-18
Autores
Pulici, Jeane Dayse Veloso dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Huanglongbing (HLB) é considerada a mais importante doença da citricultura mundial. No Brasil, está associada principalmente a bactéria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), transmitida pelo inseto Diaphorina citri. Apesar da grande importância comercial, poucas são as informações sobre vários aspectos desta doença limeiras ácidas, inclusive o potencial que esta representa como fonte de inóculo para as laranjeiras. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi (i) avaliar a favorabilidade da limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ à reprodução de D. citri e multiplicação de Las, (ii) caracterizar sintomas foliares e danos em raízes de plantas afetadas e (iii) avaliar, por meio de inoculações cruzadas, seu potencial como fonte de inóculo para a laranjeira ‘Valência’ e vice-versa. Ambos os hospedeiros estavam enxertados em limoeiro ‘Cravo’, com 2 anos de idade. O capítulo I contém revisão de literatura, o II estudo comparativo de plantas das duas hospedeiras como criadouro de D. citri e o III caracterização de sintomas foliares, danos em raízes e resultados das inoculações cruzadas, usando como inóculo borbulhas doentes e insetos infectivos. A ‘Tahiti’ foi menos favorável que a ‘Valência’ ao desenvolvimento do inseto. Nela as taxas de oviposição e sobrevivência de ninfas foram menores, ou seja, 59,7 e 48,5%, respectivamente, em relação à ‘Valência’ no primeiro experimento, e de 75,4 e 33,4% no segundo experimento. Em ‘Tahiti’ as manchas amarelas foliares foram mais intensas, porém os danos nas raízes similares aos observados em ‘Valência’. Uma escala fotográfica foi desenvolvida e mostrou-se útil na avaliação dos experimentos. Inesperadamente, diversas plantas experimentais estavam infectadas com Phytophthora spp., o que nos permitiu, embora em caráter preliminar, também avaliar possível influência deste patógeno na interação Las-citros. Na parte aérea, Phytophthora promoveu maiores títulos nas plantas inoculadas por enxertia, assim como estimulou a planta a exibir sintomas foliares mais cedo. No sistema radicular, este patógeno não favoreceu a colonização por Las, com exceção de ‘Tahiti’ inoculada com inóculo oriundo de ‘Tahiti’, independente do método de inoculação. Phytophthora não contribuiu para aumento dos danos em plantas com Las. De forma geral, plantas de ‘Valência’ foram colonizadas por Las, independente da fonte de inóculo e método de inoculação. A ‘Tahiti’, por sua vez, foi colonizada por Las oriunda de ambos os hospedeiros, porém somente quando inoculada por enxertia. A ‘Tahiti’ pode atuar como fonte de inóculo para si mesma e para laranjeiras.
Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most important disease of citrus worldwide. In Brazil, the bacterium most commonly associated with the disease is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) transmitted by the insect Diaphorina citri. Despite the great commercial importance, little is known about the disease on acid limes. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the favorability of the ‘Tahiti’ acid lime for the reproduction of D. citri and multiplication of Las, (ii) characterize foliar symptoms and root damage on infected plants and (iii) to evaluate, through cross inoculations, the potential that diseased ‘Tahiti’ represents as source of inoculum to sweet orange ‘Valencia’ and vice versa. Both hosts were two-year-old and growing on ‘Cravo’ Rangpur lime rootstock. Chapter I contains literature review, II a comparative study of the favorability of the two hosts for D. citri reproduction, and III a characterization of foliar symptoms, root damage and the results of cross inoculation experiments, using as inoculum diseased budsticks and infective insects. ‘Tahiti’ was less favorable than ‘Valencia’ to insect development. On these plants oviposition rates and nymph survival were, respectively, 59.7 and 48.5% of those on ‘Valencia’ in the first experiment, and 75.4 e 33.4 % in the second experiment. On ‘Tahiti’ the yellow leaf spots were more intense, but root damage like those on 'Valencia’. Unexpectedly, several experimental plants were infected with Phytophthora spp., which allowed us to assess the influence of this pathogen on Las-citrus interaction. On Phytophthora-infected plants inoculated by grafting, higher bacterium titers were detected on leaves, and the symptoms expressed earlier. This pathogen did not favor root colonization by Las, excepting ‘Tahiti’ that received inoculum of Las from ‘Tahiti', nor contributed to increase root damage. Overall, ‘Valencia’ was infected by Las, independently of the citrus variety source inoculum and method of inoculation. ‘Tahiti’, in turn, was infected by Las originated from both hosts, but only when inoculated by grafting. When exposed to infective insects, ‘Tahiti' became infected only when the source of inoculum was another ‘Tahiti’. Removal of diseased trees of ‘Tahiti’ (as of any other citrus) from commercial or noncommercial areas should be reinforced as crucial to the success of HLB control.
Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most important disease of citrus worldwide. In Brazil, the bacterium most commonly associated with the disease is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) transmitted by the insect Diaphorina citri. Despite the great commercial importance, little is known about the disease on acid limes. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the favorability of the ‘Tahiti’ acid lime for the reproduction of D. citri and multiplication of Las, (ii) characterize foliar symptoms and root damage on infected plants and (iii) to evaluate, through cross inoculations, the potential that diseased ‘Tahiti’ represents as source of inoculum to sweet orange ‘Valencia’ and vice versa. Both hosts were two-year-old and growing on ‘Cravo’ Rangpur lime rootstock. Chapter I contains literature review, II a comparative study of the favorability of the two hosts for D. citri reproduction, and III a characterization of foliar symptoms, root damage and the results of cross inoculation experiments, using as inoculum diseased budsticks and infective insects. ‘Tahiti’ was less favorable than ‘Valencia’ to insect development. On these plants oviposition rates and nymph survival were, respectively, 59.7 and 48.5% of those on ‘Valencia’ in the first experiment, and 75.4 e 33.4 % in the second experiment. On ‘Tahiti’ the yellow leaf spots were more intense, but root damage like those on 'Valencia’. Unexpectedly, several experimental plants were infected with Phytophthora spp., which allowed us to assess the influence of this pathogen on Las-citrus interaction. On Phytophthora-infected plants inoculated by grafting, higher bacterium titers were detected on leaves, and the symptoms expressed earlier. This pathogen did not favor root colonization by Las, excepting ‘Tahiti’ that received inoculum of Las from ‘Tahiti', nor contributed to increase root damage. Overall, ‘Valencia’ was infected by Las, independently of the citrus variety source inoculum and method of inoculation. ‘Tahiti’, in turn, was infected by Las originated from both hosts, but only when inoculated by grafting. When exposed to infective insects, ‘Tahiti' became infected only when the source of inoculum was another ‘Tahiti’. Removal of diseased trees of ‘Tahiti’ (as of any other citrus) from commercial or noncommercial areas should be reinforced as crucial to the success of HLB control.
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Citrus latifolia, Citrus sinensis, Huanglongbing, inoculação cruzada, psilídeo, cross inoculation, psyllid